The Influence of Water Glass on the Technological Parameters of Shotcrete
Shotcrete used in tunneling must follow a clearly defined early strength development in order to comply with stresses from rock deformations and drilling and blasting. Accelerators are...
Shotcrete Tests at the Fish Ecca Tunnel
The Fish-Ecca Tunnel is situated in the Eastern Cape and forms part of the Lower Fish Irrigation Scheme. About 25% of the 5032 m tunnel had to be lined with shotcrete. Between February...
New Advances in Shotcrete Additives: The DELVO System
The DELVO system is a two component, nonchloride chemical system developed to control the dynamics of cement hydration. Concrete, treated with the DELVO system, can be kept in a plastic...
Site Measurement of Shotcreting Dust
Shotcreting is broadly used today as an excellent lining system, which enables to assure rapidly the stability of excavated rock surface. This system however leaves room for improvements...
Advances in Dry Shotcrete Technology by Means of Microsilica
During the last decade microsilica has been increasingly used to improve both wet and dry mix shotcrete. In the traditional dry process microsilica is blended in the dry mixture. Since...
New Developments in Tunnel Lining by Help of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete
The combination of single shell structures in tunnelling with the use of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete is decisively able to reduce the costs of tunnel projects. Several variants of...
An Identity Chart for Steel Fibers
Improvements in ductility and toughness by adding steel fibers to the shotcrete mix are sufficient to enable steel fibers to be used as replacement for steel mesh reinforcements. Steel...
Fire Testing of Shotcrete Samples in a Small Furnace
The fire resistance behaviour of 8 shotcrete samples were investigated in a laboratory furnace applying ISO 834 standard test. Shotcrete was applied on 20 to 30 cm thick granite slabs...
Steel Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete?For Rock Support and Fire Protection
Rapid development in concrete technology and development of equipment has led to a change from dry hand-operated to wet robot shotcreting in Norway. Shotcrete of more than 100 MPa cube...
Use of Long, Variable Length Steel Fibres in Shotcrete
Steel wires are cut to fibres in a shotcrete nozzle and directly incorporated in the ejected shotcrete. Long and variable length fibres can be used. The fibre material is better utilized...
Steel Fibre Reinforced Wet Shotcrete with Very High Deformation Capacity
Tests have been carried out under site conditions in Norway where the performance of 40 mm long DRAMIX fibres was compared with normally used 30 mm fibres. The fibres were mixed into the...
Various Techniques for Fiber Reinforcement
Placing wire netting in thin shotcrete layers was found to be a difficult, dangerous and time-wasting method. Searching for other ways to reinforce the concrete, it has been found that...
Advances in Shotcrete Technology for Support of Underground Openings in Canada
This paper presents a broad overview of the state-of-the-art of shotcrete technology for support of underground openings in Canada. Advances in shotcrete technology such as the introduction...
Design of Shotcrete Linings at the Channel Tunnel
Shotcrete is one of the essential support elements of tunnels driven according to the principles of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM). Whereas originally the NATM was mainly based...
Construction of Shotcrete Linings Channel Tunnel
Without the use of shotcrete and the flexibility it offers in terms of tunnel profile, economy and speed of tunnelling, the project would certainly not be as far advanced as it is at present....
The Introduction of Steel Fibre Shotcrete to Underground Cavern Support in Taiwan
The Mingten project is located in a sheared, sandstone rock mass near a regional fault. The design philosophy introduced steel fibre shotcrete as a permanent cavern support in Taiwan....
Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete Case Studies of Wet and Dry Processes
Both wet shotcrete and fibre reinforced shotcrete are being increasingly utilised in the South African mining industry. This Paper describes two applications of fibre reinforced shotcrete...
A Review of Sprayed Concrete Linings Adopted at Dinorwig Power Station
Sprayed concrete was adopted extensively as one element of both temporary and permanent rock support during the construction of the 1800 MW Dinorwig underground power station in North...
Florida's New Toll Facilities Model
Florida's Turnpike provides a system of user-financed limited access toll highways meeting important transportation needs in the State of Florida, while protecting the interests of its...
Validating a Citywide Traffic Planning Model
A traffic planning model can improve the public agency's ability to forecast future traffic and plan appropriate roadway intrastructure. However, the usefulness of these models depends...
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