Practical Considerations on the Use of Additives for Shotcrete
Shotcrete is mostly used today for securing rock: in this capacity, it has solved many problems and has become a necessary aid. However, thedegree of utilization of the method is still...
The Influence of Water Glass on the Technological Parameters of Shotcrete
Shotcrete used in tunneling must follow a clearly defined early strength development in order to comply with stresses from rock deformations and drilling and blasting. Accelerators are...
Shotcrete Tests at the Fish Ecca Tunnel
The Fish-Ecca Tunnel is situated in the Eastern Cape and forms part of the Lower Fish Irrigation Scheme. About 25% of the 5032 m tunnel had to be lined with shotcrete. Between February...
New Advances in Shotcrete Additives: The DELVO System
The DELVO system is a two component, nonchloride chemical system developed to control the dynamics of cement hydration. Concrete, treated with the DELVO system, can be kept in a plastic...
Advances in Dry Shotcrete Technology by Means of Microsilica
During the last decade microsilica has been increasingly used to improve both wet and dry mix shotcrete. In the traditional dry process microsilica is blended in the dry mixture. Since...
Fire Testing of Shotcrete Samples in a Small Furnace
The fire resistance behaviour of 8 shotcrete samples were investigated in a laboratory furnace applying ISO 834 standard test. Shotcrete was applied on 20 to 30 cm thick granite slabs...
Use of Steel-Fiber Reinforced Wet-Mix Shotcrete in Extreme Rock-Bursting Conditions
If the stresses close to tunnels or caverns exceed the capacity of the surrounding rock, rock-bursting might start. When tunneling in such rock conditions the need for a safe, quick and...
Use of Long, Variable Length Steel Fibres in Shotcrete
Steel wires are cut to fibres in a shotcrete nozzle and directly incorporated in the ejected shotcrete. Long and variable length fibres can be used. The fibre material is better utilized...
Steel Fibre Reinforced Wet Shotcrete with Very High Deformation Capacity
Tests have been carried out under site conditions in Norway where the performance of 40 mm long DRAMIX fibres was compared with normally used 30 mm fibres. The fibres were mixed into the...
Various Techniques for Fiber Reinforcement
Placing wire netting in thin shotcrete layers was found to be a difficult, dangerous and time-wasting method. Searching for other ways to reinforce the concrete, it has been found that...
Advances in Shotcrete Technology for Support of Underground Openings in Canada
This paper presents a broad overview of the state-of-the-art of shotcrete technology for support of underground openings in Canada. Advances in shotcrete technology such as the introduction...
Design of Shotcrete Linings at the Channel Tunnel
Shotcrete is one of the essential support elements of tunnels driven according to the principles of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM). Whereas originally the NATM was mainly based...
Construction of Shotcrete Linings Channel Tunnel
Without the use of shotcrete and the flexibility it offers in terms of tunnel profile, economy and speed of tunnelling, the project would certainly not be as far advanced as it is at present....
Route 5: Steel Fibre Shotcreting in Shing Mun Tunnels Hong Kong?Specifying for Innovation
The Shing Mun tunnels form the central 2.6 km length of the Route 5 Highway connecting Tsuen Wan and Sha Tin New Towns, Hong Kong. The crossing of one of the areas was particularly difficult,...
The Introduction of Steel Fibre Shotcrete to Underground Cavern Support in Taiwan
The Mingten project is located in a sheared, sandstone rock mass near a regional fault. The design philosophy introduced steel fibre shotcrete as a permanent cavern support in Taiwan....
Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete Case Studies of Wet and Dry Processes
Both wet shotcrete and fibre reinforced shotcrete are being increasingly utilised in the South African mining industry. This Paper describes two applications of fibre reinforced shotcrete...
Reinforced Shotcrete Linings as Part of an Integrated Support System Used in a High Stress Mining Environment
Shabanie and King Mines are situated in the Southern part of Zimbabwe, some 60 km apart and approximately 200 km east of Bulawayo. They are the largest underground operations in Zimbabwe...
ASTM C666 (A) Freeze-Thaw Durability of Air-Entrained Wet- and Dry-Mix Shotcrete
In order to assess the freeze-thaw durability of shotcrete, six samples of dry-mix shotcrete and one sample of wet-mix shotcrete were mixed outdoors at Hydro-Quebec's research institute...
Development of High Performnance Shotcrete (Theoretical Considerations)
This paper presents some theoretical considerations for studies on high performance wet-mix shotcrete. A new laboratory shotcrete pump and rheometer are being developed to study the effects...
Accelerator for Shotcrete Based Amorphous Calcium Aluminate
The authors developed an accelerator based on amorphous cacium aluminate named NATMIC for shotcrete. In Japan, accelerator based amorphous calcium aluminate are widely used in shotcrete...
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