Black Holes
For many years, scientists have searched the skies for black holes; stars even more massive than white dwarves. As of yet, there have been no 100% sure sightings. Since they do not emit...
Space Power Systems?Radiation: Energy Conversion
Pair production is a way to change a photon, a gamma particle, into matter or energy. It is found that if a photon of energy greater than 1.02 MeV strikes a foil containing a large number...
Benefits of Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators
Since the 1960's the United States has had the capability to reach beyond the planet Earth with the aid of satellites and interplanetary space probes. As probes such as the...
The Use of Submersible ROVs for the Inspection and Repair of Water Conveyance Tunnels
At Virginia Power's Bath County Pumped Storage Station, robotic technology was pioneered through the development of a purpose-built Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) to gain...
Optimal Control Strategies for Water Distribution Systems
The overall operation problem becomes one of determining which pumps to run and when to run them so that electrical unit costs and electrical demand charges are minimized while at the...
A Methodology for Optimal Control of Pump Stations
Pumping water to utility customers is an expensive service which consumes large amounts of energy. Most approaches to date require simplifications and assumptions for the specific system...
Probabilistic Analysis of Maintenance Options
Maintenance usually means service disruption, repair cost and loss of production. This is especially true for structures or components which provide basic infrastructure services, such...
Financing Small Water Supply Projects in Colorado
In order to meet the water supply needs of Colorado communities and the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1986, the Colorado Water Resources and Power Development Authority...
An Analysis of the Impact of Weather Variation on Monthly Water Demand
A methodology is utilized to analyze and model the impact of weather variation on monthly long distance water deliveries in Southern California. Monthly water demand is viewed as a combination...
Water Utility Demand Forecasting Using Lotus 1-2-3 Spreadsheet
In this study, a technique has been developed using Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet for distributing projected populations to small sectors throughout the study area. This procedure divides the...
The Multi-Watfore Method: A Water Demand Forecasting System
The multi-Watfore method, which combines the cascade model and a first order analysis of uncertainty, is a system of practical steps to develop models of water demand while generating...
Expert System for Budget Preparation and Optimal Operation of an Interconnected Power Utility
Manitoba Hydro operates a complex system of 13 reservoirs, 2 thermal and 13 hydro generating stations, and 9 interconnections to other neighbouring power utilities. The Energy Management...
Optimal Real-Time Operation of Te-Chi Reservoir
An optimization model for the 10-day operation of Te-Chi Reservoir in central Taiwan is developed. The inflow to the reservoir is forecasted by an ARX model with a Kalman Filter updating...
Estimating the Energy Rate Function for Hydro Power Production Optimization
Operations planning at Manitoba Hydro is aided by using the Energy Management and Maintenance Analysis (EMMA) computer program. EMMA is a Linear Programming (LP) based model with the objective...
Managing Two Lakes with Significant Tailwater Fisheries
Norfork and Bull Shoals Dams on the White River in Arkansas were constructed in 1944 and 1951, respectively. The authorized purposes were for flood control, hydropower generation, and...
Water Basins in the Middle East
In Middle Eastern factional scheming for power, water is viewed as a strategic resource. The distribution of surface waters constitutes the basis for water geopolitics, thus representing...
Optimization of Water Resources Allocation Using the Modsim Model
The Fraser River Basin is located in north central Colorado west of the Continental Divide in an alpine basin with elevations ranging from 8,000 to 12,000 feet. Existing permanent resident...
Stochastic Optimization of Conjunctive Use in Pakistan
This paper describes an optimization analysis of conjunctive use of ground and surface water that incorporates stochastic inflows and regional variations in groundwater quality and availability....
Real-Time Optimized Control of a Water Distribution System
The paper presents the design of a fully automated real-time computer control scheme for least cost operation of a water distribution system. The scheme includes modules for optimized...
Possum Kingdom Lake: The Impact of Releases for Fish and Wildlife
Possum Kingdom Lake is a 570,000 acre-foot reservoir on the Brazos River in Palo Pinto County, Texas, owned and operated by the Brazos River Authority (BRA). In 1985 the BRA applied to...
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