The Influence of Water Glass on the Technological Parameters of Shotcrete
Shotcrete used in tunneling must follow a clearly defined early strength development in order to comply with stresses from rock deformations and drilling and blasting. Accelerators are...
Shotcrete Tests at the Fish Ecca Tunnel
The Fish-Ecca Tunnel is situated in the Eastern Cape and forms part of the Lower Fish Irrigation Scheme. About 25% of the 5032 m tunnel had to be lined with shotcrete. Between February...
New Advances in Shotcrete Additives: The DELVO System
The DELVO system is a two component, nonchloride chemical system developed to control the dynamics of cement hydration. Concrete, treated with the DELVO system, can be kept in a plastic...
Advances in Dry Shotcrete Technology by Means of Microsilica
During the last decade microsilica has been increasingly used to improve both wet and dry mix shotcrete. In the traditional dry process microsilica is blended in the dry mixture. Since...
An Identity Chart for Steel Fibers
Improvements in ductility and toughness by adding steel fibers to the shotcrete mix are sufficient to enable steel fibers to be used as replacement for steel mesh reinforcements. Steel...
Fire Testing of Shotcrete Samples in a Small Furnace
The fire resistance behaviour of 8 shotcrete samples were investigated in a laboratory furnace applying ISO 834 standard test. Shotcrete was applied on 20 to 30 cm thick granite slabs...
Steel Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete?For Rock Support and Fire Protection
Rapid development in concrete technology and development of equipment has led to a change from dry hand-operated to wet robot shotcreting in Norway. Shotcrete of more than 100 MPa cube...
Use of Long, Variable Length Steel Fibres in Shotcrete
Steel wires are cut to fibres in a shotcrete nozzle and directly incorporated in the ejected shotcrete. Long and variable length fibres can be used. The fibre material is better utilized...
Steel Fibre Reinforced Wet Shotcrete with Very High Deformation Capacity
Tests have been carried out under site conditions in Norway where the performance of 40 mm long DRAMIX fibres was compared with normally used 30 mm fibres. The fibres were mixed into the...
Various Techniques for Fiber Reinforcement
Placing wire netting in thin shotcrete layers was found to be a difficult, dangerous and time-wasting method. Searching for other ways to reinforce the concrete, it has been found that...
Advances in Shotcrete Technology for Support of Underground Openings in Canada
This paper presents a broad overview of the state-of-the-art of shotcrete technology for support of underground openings in Canada. Advances in shotcrete technology such as the introduction...
Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete Case Studies of Wet and Dry Processes
Both wet shotcrete and fibre reinforced shotcrete are being increasingly utilised in the South African mining industry. This Paper describes two applications of fibre reinforced shotcrete...
Tutorial on Computer-Aided Design
These tutorial sessions are designed to provide a basic introduction to the use of Computer-Aided Design/Drafting (CAD) in transportation engineering, with particular regard to Civil Engineering...
Technical Evaluations Necessary for Determining Site Suitability for a High-Level Waste Repository
Congress, under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982, as amended, has charged the Department of Energy with the responsibility for safely and permanently disposing of high-level radioactive...
Factors Controlling Strong Ground Motion and Their Associated Uncertainties
Of special interest in strong ground motion modeling is a quantification of the degree of influence specific physical parameters have on the computed motions. Associated with the model...
ASTM C666 (A) Freeze-Thaw Durability of Air-Entrained Wet- and Dry-Mix Shotcrete
In order to assess the freeze-thaw durability of shotcrete, six samples of dry-mix shotcrete and one sample of wet-mix shotcrete were mixed outdoors at Hydro-Quebec's research institute...
Earthquake Resistant Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Buildings. The Practice in Mexico After 1985
The evolution of the design and construction practice of reinforced concrete buildings in Mexico is presented in terms of materials, structural systems, member design and reinforcement...
CenterCore Strengthening System for Seismic Hazard Reduction of Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Wall Buildings
The CenterCore technique of reinforcing unreinforced masonry walls was developed with the help of a National Science Foundation grant in 1984. The CenterCore strengthening system consists...
Fire Retardant Treated Wood
The paper explains how FRTW chemicals react with combustible gases. It describes the two types into which FRTW is divided. Misconceptions about FRTW are also addressed....
Investigation of a Failed Concrete Joist System
The failure and distress of concrete joists contained in the promenade roof deck of a one-story, college, lecture hall building initiated an extensive investigation to determine the cause...
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