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NPDES Permits for Accelerated Oil & Gas Development
Section 402 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits for waste discharges...

Environmental Permitting Approaches for Future Development of Offshore Oil Fields in the Arctic
Environmental impact of petroleum prospecting on the North Slope of Alaska is complicated by climatic problems of long periods of low temperature and thick ocean ice. Better engineering...

Oilspill Response Technology for the Arctic
Alaska Clean Seas is a spill response organization whose area of interest includes all of the marine environment surrounding Alaska. It provides support to members in contingency planning,...

Pioneering Developments in Arctic Dredging
Arctic dredging techniques which have been recently implemented in the Arctic include: the successful hydraulic suction dredging of frozen sands and gravels, the first direct placement...

Arctic Earth Materials for Offshore Construction in Alaska
With the exploration activities onshore and offshore and the development of production facilities, the need for granular earth materials on the North Slope of Alaska is ever present. The...

Time Dependent Material Properties Due to Solute Redistribution in Frozen Marine Soils
The design of earth structures and foundations in arctic marine environments requires the assessment of soil properties. A study is presented which investigates the change in mechanical...

Geotechnical Thermal Analysis with a Microcomputer
A computer program entitled TDHC (Two-Dimensional Heat Conduction), based on finite element modelling, is capable of solving two-dimensional nonsteady-state heat conduction problems. These...

Borrow Resource Studies in Near-Shore Areas of Alaska's North Slope
Innovative and cost-effective techniques are utilized in the exploration and analysis of near-shore sources of sand and gravel on Alaska's North Slope. High quality sources...

Ice as a Construction Material in the Offshore Arctic
Ice is the most available and abundant material in the offshore Arctic, and it is therefore one of the most cost-effective construction materials. Over the past decade, ice has been used...

Fatigue Damage for Reinforced Concrete Offshore Structures
When concrete structures are subjected to fatigue loading - resulting from ice or wave loads - progressive damage occurs with increasing number of cycles. Nonlinear damage evolution equation...

Microsilica Concrete: Properties and Applications
With the advent of microsilica concrete, a new generation of high to ultra high strength and high durability concretes have become commercially feasible and are now being specified and...

Low Friction and Adfreeze Coatings
Low friction and adfreeze coatings have proven to be cost effective in reducing skin friction on icebreaker hulls. Of the two coatings acceptable for this service, the 100% polyurethanes...

Asphalt Revetments for Slope Protection in the Arctic
Experience in the Netherlands demonstrates that slope protection of coastal embankments subjected to heavy wave action can be accomplished with lining systems made of mixtures of asphalt...

Technical Considerations for Beaufort Sea Pipelines
The development of Beaufort Sea fields requires construction methods and equipment for pipeline installation and trenching providing a balance between safety, reliability, and economy....

Orthophotoquad Mapping Program for Alaska
The U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) is the lead civilian mapping agency in the United States and is responsible for creating and maintaining numerous map series. In Alaska the standard...

Arctic Oil Spills in Relationship to Sea Ice Motion
Sea ice on a scale of a few kilometers must be treated as a granular material rather than a continuum. The floes are in nearly constant motion relative to a fixed frame and each other....

Constitutive Equations for Ice as a Damaging Material
Constitutive equations for ice subjected to uniaxial compression are developed based on applications of the theory of continuous damage mechanics. A physical model of ice deformation response...

Fracture Theory for Nonhomogeneous Brittle Materials with Application to Ice
Brittle heterogeneous materials generally fracture with a dispersed zone of microcracking at the fracture front. The deformation and failure of these materials can be described by a nonlocal...

Jumbo Modules for Artificial Islands
The development of the Arctic Offshore oil fields has led to the consideration of gravel islands or other structures to support oil production facilities. The island and the assembly site...

Research Needed for Civil Engineering in the Arctic
A survey is based on the work of the Research Committee of the ASCE Technical Council on Cold Region Engineering and findings in a number of previous reports on research needs in cold...

 

 

 

 

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