Design of Prefabricated Offshore Structures for Ice Forces
The design of fixed offshore structures to resist forces from sea ice features is reviewed. The emphasis is on prefabricated structures constructed elsewhere, towed to location and installed,...
Design of Manmade Offshore Islands for Ice Forces
Approximately sixty percent of the undiscovered oil and fifty percent of the undiscovered gas probably lies in the sedimentary basins offshore Alaska (USGS 1980). Because of this hydrocarbon...
Design of Port and Coastal Structures for Ice Forces
Design of ice-affected port and coastal structures cannot be addressed in a few single specific terms, but must instead account for a matrix of elements differing at each site. Evaluation...
Design of Offshore Pipelines for Ice Environments
Design and installation of offshore pipelines in cold regions requires special care. Low ambient temperatures may cause increased friction losses in oil and gas lines due to wax crystallization...
Design of Ships for Ice Environments
A number of feasibility studies have proven the reliability of marine transportation for the Arctic. Current research and development in this field, especially in the USA and Canada, is...
River and Lake Ice Processes Relevant to Ice Loads
Ice effects on engineering structures in inland waters are more widespread than generally appreciated. Troublesome ice conditions can be expected regularly north of the 0 degree C January...
Measurement of Ice Forces on Structures
Methodologies and techniques are discussed for measuring ice forces on fixed structures situated in rivers and lakes. The usual method of measuring ice forces is to place a load frame...
Design of Bridges for Ice Forces
Sources of knowledge on ice forces and ice effects on bridges are listed and discussed briefly. Comments are made on experience of damage by ice and on the influence on bridge costs of...
Design of Navigational Structures for Ice Forces
An overview of ice conditions and the types of ice action that are hazardous to navigational structures is presented. Depending on the circumstances, ice failure against structures occurs...
Design of Submerged and Floating Structures
The objective of this paper is to present an overview of the state-of-the-art of ice engineering as applied to submerged and floating structures. Five specific design studies are reviewed,...
Methods of Ice Control
Ice control is the practice of holding ice in place or directing its growth and movement. Methods of ice control in navigable waters including locks are presented. Ice carried downstream...
Frost Inducing Slides on Membrane-Lined Canal Slopes
Freezing beneath a polyvinyl chloride membrane lining caused water in the subgrade soil voids to migrate upward and to form thin ice lenses under the lining. During a spell of warm weather,...
Ice and Snow Utilization in Cold Regions Construction
An overview of requirements is presented for the planning, design, and construction of roads, pads, and airfields using water, ice and snow as construction materials. Practical guidelines...
Australian Coal Terminal Operates Happily Beside Residential Area
A coal terminal was built in Port Kembla, Australia at a $7.56 cost per metric ton. The port was built for $121 million, $18 million below estimate. It included such innovations as the...
Oil Rigs Designed to Combat Arctic Ice
Exploration and drilling rigs now being designed for use in the Beaufort Sea must withstand ice forces never before encountered. Design approaches include using the geometry of these structures...
Structural Analysis of Light-Frame Subassemblies
Conventional light-frame subassemblies have a long history of good performance. Until recently this performance could not be quantified adequately because of the complex ways in which...
Micro-Computer Program: Roof Purlin Design
A micro-computer program is explained in step-by-step manner as a shortcut for biaxial bending design with results in as little as 60 seconds. Biaxial bending requires the consideration...
World's Largest Installation of Fabric-Formed Pile Jackets
One major feature of fabric forming is permeability. One application of this technique is protective encasement of steel H and pipe piles at a major pier in Chile. The Huachipato Pier...
Engineer's Notebook: One-step Formula for R/C Tension Steel
In the design of reinforced concrete beams, after loadings and materials are defined, the first step is to assume a beam depth. Then the required steel area and beam width are determined....
U.S. Response to Coal Demand: Port and Harbor Improvements
The OPEC oil embargo, which caused long gasoline lines in 1973, caused incredibly long lines of coal ships along the East coast just last year. These ships came to bet coal to fuel overseas...
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