The Last Freeway
Ever since what's now known as the Pasadena Freeway was completed in 1940, Los Angeles has been synonymous with the freeway�first with the ease and speed of transport it represented...
New Hong Kong International Airport
The airport at Kai Tak has served as a viable commercial operation since the lat 1930s and has played a pivotal role in the territory's development. The fact that Kai Tak has a finite...
Computer Modeling of Structural Systems for Residential Scale Buildings
The majority of housing in the United States is single family residences or low-rise multiple family dwelling units. The structural systems usually consist of rather uncomplicated types...
Transportation Planning Requirements of the Federal Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAAs) of 1990: A Highway Perspective
The transportation community faces many challenges ahead, as it tries to meet the Nation's mobility needs, reduce congestion levels, and improve air quality. Traffic congestion is increasing...
Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission's Anticipated Response to the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
By virtue of its charter to provide continuing, cooperative and comprehensive planning, the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) has a commitment to adopt and maintain...
San Francisco Bay Area's Experience Developing Transportation Control Measures for Air Quality Plans
The San Francisco Bay Area has included Transportation Control Measures (TCMs) in air quality planning efforts since the early 1970s. Growing concern for traffic congestion has enhanced...
Effectiveness of Implemented HOV Lane System
Individual carpool lanes have proven their worth on a case by case basis. Now, in California and across the country, systems of HOV lanes are being planned for urban areas dealing with...
Generating Detailed Emissions Forecasts Using Regional Transportation Models: Current Capabilities and Issues
Mobile source emission estimates have long been calculated using composite emission factors (expressed as grams of emissions per mile) and estimates of vehicle-miles travelled. Techniques...
GIS for Transportation and Air Quality Analysis
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) promise significant potential to manage complex spatial data often required to address transportation and air quality analysis problems. However, this...
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Transportation Control Measures for San Luis Obispo County, California
The San Luis Obispo Air Pollution Control District has developed simple techniques to estimate emission reductions from various Transportation Control Measures. Accurate emission estimates...
Characteristics of MOBILE4 and EMFAC7E Models
Several recent studies (e.g., Lawson et al., 1990; Ingalls, 1989) have indicated that the EPA and ARB vehicle emission factor models MOBILE4 and EMFAC7E underpredict in-use vehicle emission...
Modeling Guideline for Air Quality Analysis of Intersections
Model evaluations have been performed testing eight different models for the ability to estimate carbon monoxide near intersections. These evaluation results along with the need for updated...
Developing Protocols for Motor Vehicle Air Quality Modeling
This paper is directed to air quality analysts. It examines the issues surrounding a modeling protocol and how to work effectively with a traffic engineer on a project to model carbon...
Integrating Traffic and Air Quality Modeling Techniques to Predict Pollutant Concentrations Near Intersections
Many cities are considering transportation management measures and/or tailpipe emission controls to reduce the pollution associated with traffic congestion. A major difficulty is the expensive...
Integrated Assessment of Environmental Risk and Human Response
Meaningful risk assessment for environmental problems requires an integrated consideration of physical science and human behavioral issues. This is particularly true when dissaggregate...
Quantitative Risk Assessment and Technology Transfer: Software Developments
A risk-based adaptation of the hydroeconomic model for estimating the expected annual damages of floods is presented in a spreadsheet environment. The model demonstrates how commercially...
Optimal Flood Warning Threshold: A Case Study in Connellsville, Pennsylvania
A methodology for selecting an optimal flood-warning threshold has been developed by Haimes et al. (1990). The probabilistic evaluation of a forecast system coupled with a stochastic dynamic...
Optimal Discretization of Random Fields for SFEM
A new method for discretization of random fields (representation in terms of random variables) is introduced based on the principle of optimal linear estimation theory. The method is more...
Application of the Sampling Theorem to the Representation of Random Fields
A new parametric model is developed for homogeneous Gaussian random fields based on a generalization of the sampling theorem. The model depends linearly on a finite set of discrete values...
Pseudo-Simulation Method for Stochastic Problems
A new numerical method for problems of stochastic mechanics and other areas involving a small number of random parameters is presented. It is analogous to the Monte-Carlo simulation method...
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