Nonlinear Macroscopic Finite Element Model for Masonry Walls
A macroscopic finite element model which includes both transverse shear effects and nonlinearity due to cracking has been developed for masonry. These features are accommodated using a...
Shear Design of Masonry Walls
The paper presents a summary of a research project carried out at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich to develop a design method based on the ultimate strength of masonry...
Wall/Floor-Slab Interaction in Brickwork Structures
The paper summarises the results of three series of tests on sections of brickwork structure carried out with a view to determining the characteristics of wall/floor slab joints in terms...
Shear Stresses in Composite Masonry Walls
The behavior of composite masonry walls subjected to inplane loads is a subject that has received little attention during the last few years. The small amount of experimental and analytical...
Notes on Statistics of Failures of Constructed Works
This paper is concerned with both catastrophic and sub-catastrophic failures, which may be categorized into three types: Safety (type S), Functional (type F), and Ancillary (type A). Often...
Failure Statistics Categorized by Cause and Generic Class
Failures can be classified into the three categories, ie. , SAFETY, FUNCTIONAL, and ANCILLARY. Within the causation definition, failures fall into five general areas: DESIGN DEFICIENCIES;...
Failure Investigation Process
The purpose of this paper is to consider the present failure investigation process, in order to assess whether failures are being properly investigated, and also whether sufficient information...
Alternative Procedures for Investigating Failures
Failures of engineered structures continue to occur. This is despite rapid advances in engineering theory, new, more sophisticated methods of analysis, and streamlined techniques for preparing...
Information Availability
There seems to be a great deal of concern about lack of availability of information concerning the results of failure investigations. In most court cases there is virtually no technical...
Failure Information Needs in Civil Engineering
If we are to learn from failures of engineered facilities, failure information must be in a useful form, and it must reach those who can effect improved practice. This paper discusses,...
Learning from Failures
Modern technology and innovation have created a gap between what the design drawings predict with respect to safety and serviceability of a structure and the real safety and serviceability...
Learning from Failures: Procedural Changes in the Design and Construction Process to Reduce Failures
This paper first defines failures and their number and scope in the design and construction fields. It then presents the writer's opinion as to the cause of the failures and...
Failure Investigations in Undergraduate Education
Author stresses the need for failure investigations in undergraduate education especially in Civil Engineering. The civil engineer often creates only one major project of a kind, and is...
Small Water Users�Planning Crisis
Planning to rehabilitate small water systems�both irrigation and municipal water supply�often is ignored. In contrast, planning for new construction and for operations/maintenance work...
Type C Fly Ash and Clay Stabilization
Because the soils onsite have a high swell potential, a 37 foot high retaining wall was designed with counterforts and was supported by pier foundations to limestone. In order to reduce...
Building Condition Assessment�An Owner's Perspective
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey has recently instituted a program to inspect all of its buildings structures to insure structural integrity and public safety and to provide...
Evaluation and Modernization of Veterans Administration Facilitaties
This paper discusses two examples showing in detail that procedures for building assessment require much consideration for engineers' programming and must be properly specified...
Changing Priorities in UK Construction Research
This paper addresses two types of situations to contend with in building assessment: aging structures all built at about the same time and to standards no longer acceptable, and newer...
Research Needs for Extant Iron and Steel Buildings
A brief review of iron- and steel-making processes is background for the development of shapes and codes. Sources of information for the condition assessment of iron and steel buildings...
Structural Integrity Assessment of the Flexible 870 Advanced Design Bus
The Grumman Flxible 870, a lightweight advanced design urban bus, entered service in Atlanta, GA in 1978, and some 2,800 of these buses were in service nationwide by 1980. In the autumn...
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