Methane Tracer Technique for Gas Transfer at Hydraulic Structures
Using a simple headspace gas chromatographic technique, gas transfer at several hydraulic structures were investigated. Naturally occurring methane was used as a tracer gas to measure...
Gas Transfer Velocities and Radar Backscatter from the Water Surface
Gas transfer velocities of sulfur hexafluoride, methane, and nitrous oxide were determined in two different wind-wave tanks and related to friction velocity and radar backscatter from...
A Gas Chromatographic Protocol for the Measurement of Krypton Gas in Water
This paper presents the results of a study to investigate the feasibility of using a gas chromatographic (GC) technique for the measurement of non-radioactive krypton gas concentrations...
Characteristics of Low-Slope Streams that Affect O2 Transfer Rates
Multiple-regression techniques were used to derive the reaeration coefficients estimating equation for low sloped streams: K2 = 3.83 MBAS-0.41...
Development of an Expert System for Estimating Stream Reaeration Rates
This paper describes a data base of measured reaeration coefficients organized to assist users with estimating coefficients for rivers and streams with hydraulic characteristics similar...
Volatilization of PCBs From the Great Lakes
The potential volatilization of polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and other semi-volatile organic chemicals (SOCs) from Lake Superior and Green Bay, Lake Michigan, is being investigated. The...
Carbon Dioxide Pressure in Surface Waters of Canadian Lakes
Direct measurements of the partial pressure (pCO2) of carbon dioxide were made in lakes of three study areas: ELA (the Experimental Lakes Area) and...
Epilimnetic Dissolved Oxygen Content and Surface Water Pump Performance
Surface water pumps have been operated and monitored at TVA's Douglas Dam since 1987. The purpose of these pumps is to improve the dissolved oxygen (DO) content of the hydropower...
Gas Transfer Velocities on Lakes Measured with Sulfur Hexafluoride
Gas transfer velocities have been determined on five lakes ranging in size from 0.13 km2 to 450 km2 using...
Technology Development for Auto-Venting Turbines
Experimentation with venting air into the hydroturbines at Norris Dam has convinced the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) that this is a viable method for increasing dissolved oxygen (DO)...
A Simple Empirical Model of Aeration at Navigation Dams
In a study of aeration at 28 dams in the upper Ohio River basin, site-specific least-squares linear regression models were used to describe the dissolved oxygen deficit below each dam...
Oxygen Transfer at Spillways
A relationship for oxygen transfer efficiency, E, at spillways and gated spillways with a hydraulic jump or plunge pool, has been developed from conceptual considerations and fit to measurements...
Correlation of Fractional Foam Coverage with Gas Transport Rates
Because breaking waves are believed to increase the flux of gases across the air/sea interface, it may be possible to correlate air/sea gas transport velocities with whitecap coverage....
Structure of the Drift Current Observed Below Capillary-Gravity Waves
Measurements by laser-Doppler velocimeter were performed in a wind-wave tank to investigate the structure of the water surface boundary layer under capillary-gravity wind waves in the...
Wavelets and Air-Sea Transfer
Newly acquired insight into the mechanism of air-sea momentum transfer has also resolved some long-standing questions on air-sea transfer of gases of low diffusivity. Sharp-crested wavelets...
New Experimental Results on the Parameters Influencing Air-Sea Gas Exchange
Gas exchange experiments from large linear and circular facilities are presented which provide some more insight into the influence of waves on the gas exchange process. The experimental...
Turbulence Level Below the Waves and Its Relation to Absorption
A review of recent experimental studies carried out on gas transfer at water surfaces in various situations shows that the absorption coefficient is better related to the turbulence level...
The Enhancement of Air-Sea Gas Exchange by Oceanic Whitecapping
The hypothesis that oceanic whitecaps and the accompanying buoyant bubble plumes greatly enhance the air-sea transfer coefficient of gases subject to liquid phase control has recently...
Oxygen Transfer in Full Lift Hypolimnetic Aeration Systems
A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effect of diffuser depth, diffuser orifice diameter and separator box surface area on oxygen transfer (mg/L), daily oxygen load (kg...
Hypolimnetic Aeration in Three Swiss Lakes
Eutrophication is quite common in low altitude Swiss lakes. Government agencies have set up phosphorus and oxygen limits for streams and lakes. Aeration equipment has been in use for up...
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