Negotiating Environmental Protection Measures with Resource Agencies: Twin Falls and Weeks Falls Hydroelectric Projects, Washington
The planning and licensing process for the Twin and Weeks Falls Projects involved resolution of numerous regulatory and environmental issues, including the need for cumulative impact analysis...
Study of River Stage Fluctuations Resulting from Possible Operations of the Susitna Hydroelectric Project
Operation of the project to follow load may result in discharge and river stage fluctuations which could affect habitats and fish food sources. Limitations on hourly, daily, and weekly...
Costs of Truck Related Highway Damage to Alaska
The cost of pavement damage to the State of Alaska for truck traffic continues to be a very controversial topic. There is no simple answer since this cost is dependent upon pavement strength,...
Hot Sand for Improved Traction on Icy Roads
Experiments were performed to determine if heating sand prior to spreading it on icy roads would improve the skid resistance of the road more than cold sanding. Tests were made on a full-scale...
Cold Regions Features of the Whittier Access Tunnel
A feasibility study and cost estimate has been prepared for a vehicular tunnel which would form a portion of a highway between the town of Whittier, Alaska and the east side of the Kenai...
Arctic Stream Scour: A Case History
A small arctic stream on the North Slope of Alaska was monitored through one hydrologic cycle. The flow rate of the stream and the progress of its erosion through a breach into an adjacent...
The Transport of Crude Oil Under Saline Ice
A mathematical model was developed to describe the forces acting on an oil slick under saline ice in the presence of a water current. The model was verified through a set of laboratory...
Tiedback Walls Untie Intersection
The intersection of Gallows Rd. and Arlington Blvd. in Virginia's Fairfax County required separation. Tiedback retaining walls, which required only 18 in. instead of the 18-22...
Scenic Squeeze
Constructing a four-lane dual highway through the 12 miles of Colorado's Glenwood Canyon involves several engineering innovations: cantilevered roadways, unusual retaining...
Tort Liability in the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation
During the past decade many have questioned the propriety of the doctrine of sovereign immunity; numerous legal challenges and legislative changes have eroded the doctrine in most states....
Risk Management to Reduce Highway Tort Liability
This paper identifies common risk management techniques and processes. A brief review of tort law is presented along with the specific characteristics of a highway related negligence suit....
Effective Pedestrian Safety Programs
Pedestrian fatalities account for 16 percent of all highway-related deaths and about 129,000 pedestrians are involved in accidents each year. Analyses of pedestrian accident data and determining...
Safety Impacts of Installing Pedestrian Crosswalks
At-grade pedestrian crossovers (PXO's) have been installed at about 700 locations in Metropolitan Toronto to assist pedestrians in crossing busy streets at minimal delay to...
Economic Analysis of Highway Safety Projects
The most commonly used economic analysis for highway safety projects is the cost-benefit ratio. While this is a valid analytical tool, it must be used correctly to produce valid results....
Evaluation of Safety Alternatives by Benefit/Cost Analysis
There is an increasing awareness of the need to use limited highway safety funds on projects that offer the greatest benefits. This paper describes the development and application of a...
Some Questions on the Accuracy of Safety Effectiveness Evaluations
The generally positive benefits of safety improvements, and, in particular, upgraded traffic control devices, are well-established. More difficult is the explicit rank-ordering of traffic...
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Highway Safety Improvements
The need exists for better information relative to the effectiveness of various safety treatments and actions. Reliable measures of effectiveness are required for determining the most...
Roadside Design in the Future
Since the first roadways were built, highway designers have constantly been striving to ensure that motorists can travel to their destinations on safe highways. However, their efforts...
Effects of Shoulder Reductions on Highway Safety
In order to accomodate existing traffic and projected growth, it is essential that the most effective use be made of the limited right-of-way available for freeways. It is important to...
Shoulder Rumble Strips at Narrow Bridges
The highways in the United States have thousands of minimum design narrow bridges. Replacement of these bridges with current state of the art designs is not cost effective nor feasible...
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