Guidelines for Shotcreting and Current Development in the Wet-Mix Technique in Finland
Guidelines for shotcreting were written based on the literature survey and shotcreting trials. During shotcreting trials existing Norwegian and Middle-European wet-mix shotcreting concepts...
New Developments in Tunnel Lining by Help of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete
The combination of single shell structures in tunnelling with the use of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete is decisively able to reduce the costs of tunnel projects. Several variants of...
An Identity Chart for Steel Fibers
Improvements in ductility and toughness by adding steel fibers to the shotcrete mix are sufficient to enable steel fibers to be used as replacement for steel mesh reinforcements. Steel...
Use of Steel-Fiber Reinforced Wet-Mix Shotcrete in Extreme Rock-Bursting Conditions
If the stresses close to tunnels or caverns exceed the capacity of the surrounding rock, rock-bursting might start. When tunneling in such rock conditions the need for a safe, quick and...
Steel Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete?For Rock Support and Fire Protection
Rapid development in concrete technology and development of equipment has led to a change from dry hand-operated to wet robot shotcreting in Norway. Shotcrete of more than 100 MPa cube...
Use of Long, Variable Length Steel Fibres in Shotcrete
Steel wires are cut to fibres in a shotcrete nozzle and directly incorporated in the ejected shotcrete. Long and variable length fibres can be used. The fibre material is better utilized...
Steel Fibre Reinforced Wet Shotcrete with Very High Deformation Capacity
Tests have been carried out under site conditions in Norway where the performance of 40 mm long DRAMIX fibres was compared with normally used 30 mm fibres. The fibres were mixed into the...
Various Techniques for Fiber Reinforcement
Placing wire netting in thin shotcrete layers was found to be a difficult, dangerous and time-wasting method. Searching for other ways to reinforce the concrete, it has been found that...
Advances in Shotcrete Technology for Support of Underground Openings in Canada
This paper presents a broad overview of the state-of-the-art of shotcrete technology for support of underground openings in Canada. Advances in shotcrete technology such as the introduction...
Route 5: Steel Fibre Shotcreting in Shing Mun Tunnels Hong Kong?Specifying for Innovation
The Shing Mun tunnels form the central 2.6 km length of the Route 5 Highway connecting Tsuen Wan and Sha Tin New Towns, Hong Kong. The crossing of one of the areas was particularly difficult,...
The Introduction of Steel Fibre Shotcrete to Underground Cavern Support in Taiwan
The Mingten project is located in a sheared, sandstone rock mass near a regional fault. The design philosophy introduced steel fibre shotcrete as a permanent cavern support in Taiwan....
Fast Foundation for Soft Clay
This article describes the detailed foundation work and high-capacity piling design for a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) retrofit system for the Lambton Generation Station in Ontario,...
Seismic Response of Average High-Rise Building Structions in Japan
Dynamic characteristic models, representing average high-rise building structures in Japan, have been established through the regression analyses utilizing review documents of seismic...
Rocking Behavior and Retrofit of Tall Bridge Piers
In the aftermath of the damage to the San Francisco Oakland Bay bridge, due to the 1989 earthquake, a comprehensive study of the seismic behavior of the bridge was undertaken. This paper...
Assessment and Testing of Column Lap Splices for the Santa Monica Viaduct Retrofit
This paper describes assessment and the full-scale test of a 3 ft. (914 mm) dia. column containing #11 (34.9 mm dia.) reinforcing steel lap-spliced in the critical region. The column modelled...
Seismic Performance and Retrofit of the Golden Gate Bridge
The Golden Gate Bridge has served for over fifty years as a vital transportation link connecting San Francisco with the area to the north. The Bridge is owned, operated, and maintained...
Seismic Strengthening of R/C Columns Using Steel Jackets
This paper presents experimental results on the use of steel collars and steel jackets as a retrofitting system to improve the seismic performance of short rectangular reinforced concrete...
Use of Eccentric Steel Bracing for Strengthening of R/C Frames
This paper presents preliminary results of ongoing research investigating the feasibility of steel eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) for seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete frames....
CenterCore Strengthening System for Seismic Hazard Reduction of Unreinforced Masonry Bearing Wall Buildings
The CenterCore technique of reinforcing unreinforced masonry walls was developed with the help of a National Science Foundation grant in 1984. The CenterCore strengthening system consists...
Seismic Behavior of Weak-Column Strong-Beam Frames
An experimental evaluation of the seismic performance of moment-resisting steel frames using Weak-Column Strong-Beam joints is described. A simulated seismic response is imposed on five...
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