Intermediate Service Levels in Sanitation Systems
The major alternatives to sewerage are described and their potential for application in developing countries is explored. The reasons why conventional engineering practices have led to...
Cost-Effective Use of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Ponds
Treatment ponds are a cost-effective alternative for municipal wastewater treatment. When compared to other secondary treatment alternatives, ponds are generally the least costly, require...
Systems of Waste Water Management in Europe
The history of European waste water management is briefly reviewed. Legal aspects of waste water management are presented by examples from Germany and Switzerland. International agreements...
Pittsburgh's Troubled Bridges: What to Do About Them�
The Pittsburgh area is troubled by old bridges that are badly deteriorated. The metropolitan area has more bridges�� 1,700�� than any other. And some 66 of them have weight limits posted....
$80,000 in Payoffs: An Engineer Tells His Story
A member of ASCE was told that if he wanted public work in a certain area, he would have to pay the County Engineer 25% of the project costs. The engineer decided to pay and has regretted...
County Engineer Throws the Book Away in Intersection Design and Lowers Cost 20%
Article describes the innovative design of a highway intersection that was reconstructed to relieve traffic congestion. The nearest drainage outlet was 2800-ft away and was inadequate,...
What Contractors Think About Prefabricated Piping
Among 190 of the largest users of pipe, 77% now use large-scale prefabricated piping. These users report an average saving, using prefabricated pipe versus conventional pipe, of 23%. Before...
Field Control Replaces Design Conservation At World's Largest Underground Powerhouse
The excavation of 16,000,000 yd� of rock at LG-2, part of the La Grande hydropower project in Canada, has been completed. The world's largest underground powerhouse, with...
How Can Construction Specifications Be Improved�
Construction costs could be cut perhaps 5% to 10% if specifications were improved, as the ASCE survey of contractors discloses. Spec writers must have had responsible field experience....
The Coastal Zone: Battleground and Classroom
The coastal zone of the nation is becoming the battleground for opposing energy and environmental interests. The Coastal Zone Management Law of 1972 asked that each state prepare a coastal...
Let's Keep It In The Family
One of the most important challenges owners of private business will eventually encounter is the question of ownership succession. Unless the business owner provides the mechanism for...
Highway Widening Proceeds Behind Concrete Median Barrier
Precast concrete median barrier curb is being used temporarily to protect both workmen and traffic through the 3.1-mile long construction zone of a widening project along the Garden State...
Mammoth Construction Jobs: How to Speed Them, Cut Costs�
Not a few massive construction projects in such fields as mass transit, water resources, and power plants are suffering greatly from inflated costs and long delays. Among reasons are the...
Flood Control Planning in Albuquerque
In 1973, a 42-mi� area adjacent to Albuquerque, New Mexico, was about one-third developed, and drainage problems were evident. The area is on an alluvial fan at the foot of the Sandia...
Coastal Controversies Abound at Record-Breaking Conclave
Coastal Zone '78 was the largest specialty conference ever held by the ASCE, drawing over 1,000 participants from a wide spectrum of professions that are involved in coastal...
Trans Alaska Pipeline
This is one of the most extraordinary projects contending for the OCEA awards. Examples: the 360 mile haul road built in one summer; the 29 construction camps, self-contained cities to...
Second Hampton Bridge-Tunnel Complete
The second Hampton Roads bridge-tunnel, which cost $96,000,000, opened to traffic on June 3, 1976. It is a two-lane facility carrying traffic across 3.5 miles of water between Hampton...
Isn't a Subway for Washington, D.C., Just the Thing�
After 100 years of dreaming and 10 years of design and construction, more than 22 miles and 28 stations of the Washington, D.C., Metro are now in revenue operation. When completed in 1983,...
Stadium Seats Slide on Water
In Denver, a unique 21,000 seat, 9-million pound movable stand is used to convert the Denver Mile High Stadium from baseball to football or soccer. The stands are lifted and move on 163-forty...
Rx for Drought: Pumping Plant to the Rescue
Designed and built by the East Bay Municipal District, the pumping plant built last year at Middle River, Calif. was not unusual in design. What was unusual was the speed with which it...
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