Tapping Deep Water Resources
Lena is the first commercial guyed tower. Its jacket is the longest ever fabricated, loaded out and launched in one piece. Lena stands in 1,000 ft deep water and has a three-level oil...
Who Should Design Bridges?
For many years Design-Build-Proposals have been common practice in Europe (except in the UK). Structures in these countries are 20% more economical than similar projects in the U. S.,...
Construction-Induced Dynamic Pressure and Corresponding Impact Factors for Pipelines
The Bureau of Reclamation, U. S. Department of the Interior, conducted a study which measured pressure exerted by construction scrapers on a rigid, buried, instrumented concrete slab....
Effect of Shallow Trench Construction on Cast Iron Pipelines
This paper summarizes the results of three-dimensional finite element analyses to evaluate the strains and displacements sustained by 4, 6, and 8-in. (100, 150, and 200 mm)-diameter cast...
Influence of Depth-of-Cover on Pipe-Soil Interaction
A major research effort was undertaken to study the structural behavior of a natural gas pipeline under several critical service conditions. The program included a field test site near...
An Instrumented Soil-Pipe System: Automated Data Acquisition and Management
A 16-in. natural gas pipeline near Racine, Wisconsin, had been in service for some 30 years. In 1982 road widening operations on a line parallel with the pipe resulted in a heavily trafficked...
Investigations into the Structural Performance of Clay Pipes
Over the past 8 years, the Clay Pipe Development Association (CPDA) has commissioned non-destructive physical testing of vitrified clay pipelines. The diameters of the pipes have varied...
SPIDA: An Analysis and Design System for Buried Concrete Pipe
The paper presents a description of a new computerized direct design method for buried concrete pipe named SPIDA (Soil-Pipe Interaction Design and Analysis). Also the technical basis and...
Simplified Stress and Deformation Analysis for Pipeline Construction
This paper discusses the strength and deformation behavior of flexible steel pipes during pipeline construction. Some possible simple and quick solutions to these special design and construction...
Longitudinal Prestressed Piping for District Heating
The design of recently installed hot water district heating systems in the United States is based on similar systems developed in Europe. Longitudinal prestressing is used in the design...
Modeling Failure Probability of Underground Pipes
Factors influencing the performance of underground gas pipes are identified through a literature search and contacts with several utility companies. These factors are categorized as (i),...
Stress-Intensification Factor and Flexibility Factor in Seismic Analysis of Continuous Buried Pipelines
The topics of intensified stresses and increased flexibility in pipe bends subjected to bending loads are discussed in this paper. Also discussed are dynamic strain compatibility between...
A Practical Approach to Selection of Waterline Materials for Use in Expansive Soils
The authors previously investigated the performance of asbestos-cement, polyvinyl chloride and ductile iron pipe in the expansive soil environment. Expansive soil forces on the pipe were...
Bending Moment of Underground Flexible Pipes in a Centrifuge
The effect of several factors on bending moment of an underground flexible pipe section buried in a ditch with sheet piling was investigated experimentally by means of centrifugal model...
Field Burial Tests of Corrugated Double Wall PVC Pipe
A new lightweight PVC pipe, consisting of a smooth inner wall and a corrugated outer wall, has been introduced in the U. S. sanitary sewer market in 4 through 10 in. diameters. Field burial...
Dynamics of Buried Pipelines
Forced motion of pipelines due to stationary or moving loads is studied. The pipe is modeled as an elastic shell in an elastic (or viscoelastic) medium. The interaction of the shell and...
Numerical Simulation of Soil-Pipeline Interaction in a Ground Subsidence Zone
In this paper, the flexural interaction between a buried pipeline and the surrounding soil is examined by employing a combined boundary element-finite element scheme. The flexural interaction...
Earth Pressure and Surface Load Effects on Buried Pipelines
Rational techniques for analyzing earth pressure and surface load effects, based on finite element analysis methods, have been developed and applied extensively to the design of buried...
Dynamic Responses of Buried Pipelines
The dynamic responses of the pipelines are analyzed by the continuous mass matrix method by considering the soil as a bounded plane in which the pipeline is placed. The friction between...
Strains Induced by Combined Loading in Buried Pressurized Fiberglass Pipe
In 1983 Owens Corning Fiberglas and Utah State University collaborated on a study of combined strain behavior of fiberglass pipe to quantify the bending strain reduction as a function...
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