Freeze-Thaw Effects on Clay Covers and Liners
The properties of clay covers and liners used for containing solid waste materials are highly susceptible to environmental stresses. Even when clay layers are protected from drying, freezing...
Processed-Snow Foundation Design at the Summit of the Greenland Ice Cap
The design and construction of a processed-snow foundation berm for an elevated building located at the summit of the Greenland Ice Cap is described. Weather conditions and design provisions...
Environment One: A Master Plan Study for a New Scientific Research Station at the Geographic South Pole
The existing research station at the geographic South Pole is approaching the end of its useful life. This master plan study focuses on determining the technical and functional requirements...
River Ice Research in China
Hydraulic research in China has concentrated largely on free surface flows, sediment transport, large hydraulic structures, and hydraulic machinery. River ice research activities are expanding...
Evolution of Ice Cover Roughness
The formation of an ice cover on a river results in an increase of stage relative to open water stages at the same discharge. Due to the formation process, especially for freeze-up ice...
Ice Jam Configuration: Second Generation Model
An early model of ice jam configuration in wide, prismatic channels is generalized for applications to natural streams. Test runs are carried out to illustrate model performance and study...
Analysis of Waterbody Surface Heat Exchange
The Edinger-Duttweiler-Geyer (EDG) approach for estimating heat exchange at a water surface was examined and its applicability to ice-covered waterbodies determined. The EDG linearized...
Heat Exchange at the Ice/Water Interface on Flowing Water
Any time the water flowing under an ice cover has a temperature above freezing, there is an exchange of heat between the water and the ice. Earlier work by Ashton and others provided adequate...
A Two-Dimensional Surface Drift Model for River Ice
A two-dimensional surface drift model for river ice with low ice discharge conditions is presented. The model is applied to the Grass Island Pool area of the Niagara River and compared...
River Ice Cover Cracking for Various Boundary Conditions
The breakup of river ice covers is commonly initiated by the formation of cracks parallel to river banks. These cracks usually result from a change in the water level due to a rapid rising...
Designing for Control of Ice Conditions in Marinas
Each marina or small-craft harbor experiencing ice during the winter months must be designed for site specific conditions. These conditions are governed by environmental factors (geology,...
A Shallow-Draft Icebreaker for the Upper Niagara River
The New York Power Authority (Authority) designed and built a special purpose, shallow-draft icebreaker in 1986 and 1987 for use in the upper Niagara River. The icebreaker is used during...
Treatment of Unstable Foundation Areas in Alaska's Pavement Management System
In the State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities Pavement Management System (PMS) unstable foundation areas are defined as sections of roadway that experience...
Laboratory Observations of Macroscopic Failure Modes in Freshwater Ice
A review is presented of tests performed in the laboratory by several investigators on indentation in freshwater ice. A number of the observed failure modes are discussed. From the results,...
Effective Pressures Measured During Indentation Tests in Freshwater Ice
Indentation tests were conducted by pushing flat, vertical indentors of two different widths (50 and 100 mm) against the edges of floating, freshwater ice at different velocities (0.6-150...
Application of Ice/Structure Interaction Concepts to a Real Time Ice Risk Assessment Computer Model
The successful and safe operation of an Arctic offshore exploration structure greatly depends on the implementation of alerts procedures. In order to assess alerts levels, a computer model...
New Hydrologic Instrumentation in the U.S. Geological Survey
New water-level sensing and recording instrumentation is being used by the U.S. Geological Survey for monitoring water levels, stream velocities, and water-quality characteristics. Several...
The USACRREL Underwater Frazil Ice Detector
A modified underwater frazil ice detector has been developed at USACRREL. This detector, which operates remotely, can automatically start deicing procedures and alert operators to the...
Risk Assessment for Groundwater Pollution Control
Prepared by the Groundwater Risk Assessment Task Committee for the Water Pollution Management Committee of the Environmental Engineering Division of ASCE. ...
Privatization Takes Flight
The number of air travelers in the U.S. is projected to double by early in the next century. Delays have also been mounting rapidly. Major airports around the world are facing the same...
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