Thresholds in Appropriate Technologies for Water Supply and Waste Disposal
Appropriate technologies come from a variety of sources. Most, though not all, technologies are appropriate to the specific time and place in which they are developed. Some can be transferred...
Tradition and Innovation in Water Use and Reclamation
Of all the arts of food production, none is older or more important than irrigation. Historical and archaeological findings show that irrigation played a major role in the development...
Simplified Water Treatment Plant Design
The building of succeeding generations of sophisticated water and waste water plants, usually containing complex and energy intensive equipment, has been one of the marks of technically...
Cost-Effective Use of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Ponds
Treatment ponds are a cost-effective alternative for municipal wastewater treatment. When compared to other secondary treatment alternatives, ponds are generally the least costly, require...
Land Treatment Systems and the Environment
This paper summarizes the results from several experiments using the rapid infiltration, overland flow and slow infiltration modes of land treatment....
Systems of Waste Water Management in Europe
The history of European waste water management is briefly reviewed. Legal aspects of waste water management are presented by examples from Germany and Switzerland. International agreements...
Measuring the Effects of Man's Wastes on the Ocean
Understanding the ecological effects of municipal wastewater discharged into the ocean depends on data developed by reliable measurements. Municipal wastes are largely residential sewage...
The Place of Land Treatment of Wastewater in Today's Society
Land treatment of sewage can be a viable alternative to secondary and/or tertiary in-plant treatment. Depending on local conditions, overland-flow, low-rate, or high-rate systems, or a...
European Water Treatment Practices�� Their Experience with Ozone
Today, more than 1100 water treatment plants worldwide use ozone for some purpose. In Europe, it is always regarded as a water-treatment technique and seldom simply as a disinfectant....
European Water Treatment Practices�� The Promise of Biological Activated Carbon
Bacterial growths occur in all granulated activated carbon columns. In fact, it is difficult to prevent such growths. The Germans now deliberately foster aerobic bacterial growth by providing...
Field Control Replaces Design Conservation At World's Largest Underground Powerhouse
The excavation of 16,000,000 yd� of rock at LG-2, part of the La Grande hydropower project in Canada, has been completed. The world's largest underground powerhouse, with...
Can California Cope With Its Mounting Sludge Volume�
In California, prohibition of ocean disposal of sludge, stringent air quality standards, high energy cost, and scarcity of suitable sanitary landfills make the sludge management problem...
Foundation Soil Preload Saves $164,000
Soils in the lower Mississippi valley are highly compressible and present a challenge to structural foundation designers. Rather than support power plant structures on piles, one design...
EPA Proposes Far-Reaching Regulations for Reducing Synthetic Organics in Drinking Water
In late January, 1978, EPA proposed far-reaching regulations for reducing synthetic organic chemicals in drinking water, bringing about the most sweeping changes in the water-treatment...
Mammoth Construction Jobs: How to Speed Them, Cut Costs�
Not a few massive construction projects in such fields as mass transit, water resources, and power plants are suffering greatly from inflated costs and long delays. Among reasons are the...
The Story Behind the New Clean Water Act of 1977
The Clean Water Act of 1977 keeps intact the basic principles of the strong Water Pollution Control Act (PL 92-500) of 1972. Because of the shear magnitude of upgrading the nation's...
Underground Hot Water Storage Could Cut National Fuel Needs 10%
The possible conservation of waste heat by using it to heat water and then, subsequently, injecting the heated water into wells screened in aquifers containing saline water is described....
Rouen, France Water Treatment Plant Using Biological Activated Carbon
The la Chapelle drinking water treatment plant in Rouen, France was designed specifically to incorporate biological activated carbon (BAC). With many U.S. cities faced with the prospect...
Sludge Pyrolysis: How Big a Future�
Pyrolysis is the destructive distillation of combustible elements by heat in the total absence of oxygen. Partial pyrolysis or starved air combustion is the gasification of a material...
Coastal Controversies Abound at Record-Breaking Conclave
Coastal Zone '78 was the largest specialty conference ever held by the ASCE, drawing over 1,000 participants from a wide spectrum of professions that are involved in coastal...
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