Automated Design of Reinforced Concrete Components
This paper presents strategies for automating the design of reinforcement in two types of concrete components, namely T-beams and circular columns. These strategies may serve as examples...
Optimization of Structures Subjected to Vibrations
A minimum cost optimization procedure is presented for the analysis of multi-degree freedom structures subjected to steady, transient and random vibration environment. The procedure is...
Natural Aggregates in Structural Lightweight Concrete
Pumice and scoria have been used in structural concrete since the days of the Roman Empire. Records for the past five decades show minimal use of these materials in structural concrete...
Production of Masonry Blocks for Developing Countries
The need for nuturing of low cost building materials industry in developing countries has long been recognized throughout the world. costs of building materials. Therefore, construction...
Seismic Resistant Low-Cost Masonry Buildings in Peru
Future housing in developing countries will be provided mainly in medium rise, four to six stories, bearing wall masonry buildings. This paper reports on the rationality behind this political...
Earthquake Damage Estimates of Conventional and Isolated Structures
The philosophy inherent in current seismic design codes for buildings accepts the premise that there will be both structural and non-structural damage but that life safety will be preserved....
Membranes in Water Treatment
Membrane technology, using reverse osmosis to treat drinking water, is a promising alternative to conventional treatment. The method is now being used for desalination in a growing number...
Low Cost Wave Measurement Program
This paper addresses some problems related to a wave measurement program in the coast emphasizing costs, environmental hazards and technological problems. Subjects covered include coastal...
Microcomputers: Investing in the Future
There is more to a successful computer system than simply going to the nearest supplier and buying the most up-to-date equipment. Engineering firms, while not being reluctant about installing...
POU/POE Devices: Availability, Performance, and Cost
In order to gather and summarize information and data on point of use/point of entry (POU/POE) devices, a committee was established by the Environmental Engineering Division of the American...
Importance of Aeration Basin Detention Time in the Activated Sludge Process
Aeration basin detention time is a key design parameter for an activated sludge system at a wastewater treatment plant. The impacts of reducing the aeration time is illustrated by a case...
Optimizing the Activated Sludge Process by Encouraging Futile Cycling
A study was conducted to demonstrate that cell yield in activated sludge processes can be decreased without increasing oxygen consumption by applying operating conditions that encourage...
Full-Scale Evaluation of Filter Influent Chlorination and Ozonation
Ozone and chlorine applied ahead of pressure filters are compared to determine the effect of the chemical addition on the pressure differential across the filter bed. The study was significant...
The Evolution of Sludge Thickening Practice
An analysis of contemporary thickening practice is presented with a brief review of the genesis of each type of thickening. A summary of thickening capital and operating costs for three...
Improved Centrifuge Designs for High Cake Solids
The new generation of advanced centrifuges pioneered by Humboldt Wedag can readily produce 30 ? 2% TS cake on most raw and digested primary and waste activated sludge, wherein the primary...
Proposal for Combining Expert Systems and Canal Design
Expert Systems can be combined with a computer aided design methodology to develop a cost effective canal system. The System should consider a feasible set of design alternatives to satisfy...
Optimal Real-Time Pump and Irrigation Scheduling for Center-Pivot Sprinkler Systems
A comprehensive scheduling algorithm is presented for optimally integrating irrigation and pump operational decisions in center-pivot sprinkler systems. Dynamic programming successive...
Hydropower Development under the Utility Concept of Least Cost Utility Planning
The impetus behind 'Least Cost Utility Planning' (LCUP) is that if new generation or purchased power could be deferred, the resultant savings could be used to...
Case Study Incremental Approach to Cost Analysis for Improvements to Wise Powerhouse Penstock
In 1980, Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) began studying the addition of a second powerhouse to the existing Wise Hydroelectric Project. Because of the existing project...
Capital Cost Modelling for Micro-Hydro Appraisal
Empirical capital cost models for mini- and micro-hydro installations have not been validated with consistent site information. This paper reviews cost modelling techniques and describes...
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