Soil-Pipe Interaction During Frost Heaving Around a Buried Chilled Pipeline
The freezing of soil water around a buried chilled pipeline leads to soil heaving, which is affected by the presence of the pipe. This process may eventually cause pipeline failure. The...
Thermal Strain Behaviour of Clays Cooled to Cryogenic Temperatures
The thermal expansion behaviour of two different types of clays (Boom clay from Belgium and a pure kaolinite-water paste) has been studied in a temperature range from +20? to -150?C (LNG...
Water Conservation at the Antarctic Wasa Base - Results 1989-90
The Swedish WASA base was erected in the Norwegian sector of Antarctica during the 1988-89 summer season. The base was on a nunatakk and consisted of a dwelling house with full living...
A Wetlands Sewage Treatment System for the Community of Teslin
The Village of Teslin, with a population of 450, is located in south-central Yukon, approximately 180 km southeast of Whitehorse. Since 1977, the community has been trucking its sewage...
PS 5 Sewage Lagoon Embankment Stabilization
In 1981 an embankment containing a three-cell wastewater treatment lagoon was constructed adjacent to the northern edge of the Pump Station 5 gravel pad on the Trans Alaska Pipeline System....
Freeze-Thaw Effects on Clay Covers and Liners
The properties of clay covers and liners used for containing solid waste materials are highly susceptible to environmental stresses. Even when clay layers are protected from drying, freezing...
New Admixtures for Cold Weather Concreting
Chemicals were tested for their ability to promote strength gain in portland cement concrete at low temperature. The admixtures depressed the freezing point of the mix water and accelerated...
Environment One: A Master Plan Study for a New Scientific Research Station at the Geographic South Pole
The existing research station at the geographic South Pole is approaching the end of its useful life. This master plan study focuses on determining the technical and functional requirements...
River Ice Research in China
Hydraulic research in China has concentrated largely on free surface flows, sediment transport, large hydraulic structures, and hydraulic machinery. River ice research activities are expanding...
Evolution of Ice Cover Roughness
The formation of an ice cover on a river results in an increase of stage relative to open water stages at the same discharge. Due to the formation process, especially for freeze-up ice...
Ice Jam Configuration: Second Generation Model
An early model of ice jam configuration in wide, prismatic channels is generalized for applications to natural streams. Test runs are carried out to illustrate model performance and study...
Analysis of Waterbody Surface Heat Exchange
The Edinger-Duttweiler-Geyer (EDG) approach for estimating heat exchange at a water surface was examined and its applicability to ice-covered waterbodies determined. The EDG linearized...
Heat Exchange at the Ice/Water Interface on Flowing Water
Any time the water flowing under an ice cover has a temperature above freezing, there is an exchange of heat between the water and the ice. Earlier work by Ashton and others provided adequate...
A Two-Dimensional Surface Drift Model for River Ice
A two-dimensional surface drift model for river ice with low ice discharge conditions is presented. The model is applied to the Grass Island Pool area of the Niagara River and compared...
River Ice Cover Cracking for Various Boundary Conditions
The breakup of river ice covers is commonly initiated by the formation of cracks parallel to river banks. These cracks usually result from a change in the water level due to a rapid rising...
Designing for Control of Ice Conditions in Marinas
Each marina or small-craft harbor experiencing ice during the winter months must be designed for site specific conditions. These conditions are governed by environmental factors (geology,...
A Shallow-Draft Icebreaker for the Upper Niagara River
The New York Power Authority (Authority) designed and built a special purpose, shallow-draft icebreaker in 1986 and 1987 for use in the upper Niagara River. The icebreaker is used during...
Small-Scale Meteorology of Freezing Precipitation
Freezing rain and glazing are extremely disruptive to transportation, communication and power transmission. Local variations in the occurrence of freezing rain may be difficult to forecast....
Preliminary Results of Direct Tension Tests on First-Year Sea Ice Samples
We present the initial results of our tests to determine the tensile behavior of columnar sea ice over a range of temperatures extending from -20 to -3?C and strain rates of 10-5...
Laboratory Observations of Macroscopic Failure Modes in Freshwater Ice
A review is presented of tests performed in the laboratory by several investigators on indentation in freshwater ice. A number of the observed failure modes are discussed. From the results,...
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