A Comparison of Short Term Forecast Methods for Municipal Water Use
Water utilities routinely develop long range demand forecasts for use in the normal planning activities. In recent years, many utilities have sought to develop more short-term demand forecasts...
Water Use Pattern of Residential and Commercial Customers
The availability of the Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) devices make it possible to read a large number of meters in a short period of time. Through the use of AMR, we monitored weekly water...
Low Flush Plumbing Fixtures and Wastewater Systems
The significance of low flush plumbing fixtures on the wastewater collection and treatment system serving a small community has been determined. Among the concerns studied were: functional...
Use of a Statistical Model to Forecast Future Wastewater Flows
Future wastewater flows are generally predicted based upon an assumed rate of population and industry growth within a treatment facility's area of influence. In a community with limited...
Challenges in Implementing the Use of Reclaimed Water
The State of Washington is currently in the process of adopting standards for use of reclaimed water on land. CH2M HILL recently has finished two feasibility level studies for reuse projects...
The City of Los Angeles Gray Water Pilot Project Shows Safe Use of Gray Water is Possible
A year-long study of eight residential gray water systems was conducted in the City of Los Angeles. Soils irrigated with gray water were compared monthly with soils irrigated with municipal...
Bellingham Frozen Foods Spray Irrigation System Operations
Bellingham Frozen Foods is a major vegetable processor located in northwestern Washington state. During the mid-1980's, the city of Bellingham began to upgrade the treatment of wastewater....
EBMUD's Approach to Demand Reduction
The East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) supplies water to more than 1.2 million people in the East Bay area of California. The District has developed a comprehensive plan to deal...
Global Distribution of Water Through the Oceans
The paper is a conceptual investigation of a pipeline and bladder system for conveying and storing fresh water in the oceans. Modeling is recommended to provide background on what could...
Agricultural Water Conservation Programs to Improve Water Use Efficiency
California's growing population poses an ever increasing demand for water from the existing limited and scarce water resources of the State. In addition the continuation of six years of...
Impact of Groundwater Management Act and CAP Water Supply on Agricultural Water Conservation Programs
Irrigation districts in central Arizona have increased the tax assessments for their farms to pay for distribution systems to deliver Central Arizona Project (CAP) water. Many farms must...
Agricultural Water Conservation Programs in the Lower Colorado River Authority
Rice irrigation is the largest application of water within the area served by the Lower Colorado River Authority, accounting for approximately 75 percent of total annual surface and ground...
Price Elasticity and Conservation Potential
Water conservation programs usually contain pricing incentives for users to limit water consumption. This analysis uses data from the Portland, Oregon water system as an example of both...
Seasonal Rates?The Pros and Cons: A Case Study
The Spring Valley Water Company, an investor owned water utility serving over 58,000 customers in Rockland County, New York, implemented a seasonal differential rate structure in 1980....
The Evolution of Conservation Rates in Phoenix, Arizona
Conservation or increasing block rates first implemented in Phoenix, Arizona in 1982 were reexamined by a three year study involving Water Department staff, a Citizen Rates Committee and...
The PULSEQUAL Model: Using Combinations of Simple Mathematical Equations to Evaluate Complex Storm Effects on Water Quality
Storm discharges (stormwater and combined sewer overflows) have transient and highly variable impacts on receiving waters. Simple water quality equations have been developed to accurately...
Design of Aquatic Treatment Systems
This paper describes the design parameters and operating procedures used for a nonpoint pollution/stormwater treatment facility known as an Aquatic Treatment System to be located in the...
Selection of Optimal Best Management Practices (BMP's)
The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) urban storm water program requires municipalities to remove non-point source (NPS) pollution to the 'maximum extent practicable',...
Urban Runoff Considerations in the Design of Wastewater Management Programs for Coastal Areas
The continuing increase in the population of the nation's coastal areas is placing additional stress on coastal aquatic systems faster than it can be reduced through improved wastewater...
Urban Stormwater Runoff Control System?Village of Skokie, Illinois
Combined sewer systems in many communities lack the capacity to convey stormwater runoff from even small to moderate storm. This inadequate capacity, in turn, causes basement flooding...
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