Introduction
Permafrost is defined as soil that remains frozen for more than two years. At elevations less than 304.8 m (1000 ft.), it is frequently encountered north of latitude 60. It may also be...
Innovative Design and Construction for Foundations and Substructures Subject to Freezing and Frost
This proceedings,
Seepage Stoppers
After 65 years of continuous operation without any major rehabilitation, the Detroit-Windsor tunnel had sprung a few leaks. Engineers used elasticized grout to stop the seepage, a material...
Partnering with the Enemy
When you think of EPA and a major corporation, you probably envision them squaring off in court over a Superfund site. But these days representatives from the two groups are just as likely...
Environment-Friendly Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluid
NASA Ames has formulated a unique candidate non-glycol based freezing point depressant (FPD) fluid material that performs essentially the same or superior to currently used glycol based...
The Inflation Equation
The authors, a Brazilian and an American involved in a US$1 billion-plus project to build schools in the state of Rio de Janeiro, discuss how they managed despite monthly inflation of...
ASTM C666 (A) Freeze-Thaw Durability of Air-Entrained Wet- and Dry-Mix Shotcrete
In order to assess the freeze-thaw durability of shotcrete, six samples of dry-mix shotcrete and one sample of wet-mix shotcrete were mixed outdoors at Hydro-Quebec's research institute...
Durability of Concrete Bridges in Virginia
This paper discusses four major types of deterioration found in concrete bridges: corrosion of the reinforcement, alkali-aggregate reactivity, freeze-thaw deterioration, and attack by...
The Assessment of Armourstone for Shoreline Protection
To protect shorelines from erosion, Ontario Hydro is using armourstone at various Generating Stations along the perimeter of the Great Lakes. Armourstone is carefully evaluated prior to...
Santa Cruz Dam Modification
Santa Cruz Dam was the first concrete arch dam in the United States to be modified using an roller compacted concrete (RCC) buttress. Innovative techniques included forming the stepped...
Passive Acoustic Emission for Quantitative Evaluation of Freeze Thaw and Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concretes
Several experiments are reported in which the progression of freeze thaw (FT), alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR), and internal cracking caused by mechanical loading were monitored using...
Investigation of a Concrete Blistering Failure
During construction of a concrete pavement at a military airfield, numerous small blisters formed on the concrete surface behind the slipform paver and were filled by the contractor using...
Bridge Deck Distress and Repairs
The primary cause of bridge deck deterioration are cyclic freeze-thaw exposures and reinforcing steel corrosion caused by the extensive use of de-icing salts. However, there are other...
Concreting at Subfreezing Temperatures
Temperature affects the rate at which portland cement concrete develops strength. Below about 20?C, strength gain is retarded, whereas at higher temperatures it is accelerated. Strength...
Reliability-Based Design for Feeeze-Thaw Concrete
Observation of pavements in Iowa shows results from the test for freezing and thawing of concrete, ASTM C-666, is not always consistent with field performance. Similar concrete made with...
Sludge Dewatering in Freezing Beds
This paper summarizes the results of laboratory and pilot scale studies on the development of the sludge freezing bed. Laboratory studies indicated that a freezing bed could dewater up...
PS 5 Sewage Lagoon Embankment Stabilization
In 1981 an embankment containing a three-cell wastewater treatment lagoon was constructed adjacent to the northern edge of the Pump Station 5 gravel pad on the Trans Alaska Pipeline System....
Freeze-Thaw Effects on Clay Covers and Liners
The properties of clay covers and liners used for containing solid waste materials are highly susceptible to environmental stresses. Even when clay layers are protected from drying, freezing...
Computer Predictions of Thaw Beneath Gravel Embankments on Warm Permafrost
A computer model was used to simulate the freeze-thaw effects of gravel embankments on warm permafrost typical of south-central Alaska using a one-dimensional finite-difference code, FREZ1D....
New Admixtures for Cold Weather Concreting
Chemicals were tested for their ability to promote strength gain in portland cement concrete at low temperature. The admixtures depressed the freezing point of the mix water and accelerated...
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