Wet Mix Shotcrete Used in Subsea Tunnel Environments
To reject the claim that the use of accelerator in shotcrete reduces the compressive strength with time, lately cored samples were taken from an 18 to 19 years old concrete. A wet mixed...
Guidelines for Shotcreting and Current Development in the Wet-Mix Technique in Finland
Guidelines for shotcreting were written based on the literature survey and shotcreting trials. During shotcreting trials existing Norwegian and Middle-European wet-mix shotcreting concepts...
Austrian Guideline and National Report on the Use of Shotcrete
The purpose of this guideline is the standardization of quality and a uniform procedure for the production and testing of shotcrete from the technical and engineering point of view. In...
Advances in Dry Shotcrete Technology by Means of Microsilica
During the last decade microsilica has been increasingly used to improve both wet and dry mix shotcrete. In the traditional dry process microsilica is blended in the dry mixture. Since...
Use of Steel-Fiber Reinforced Wet-Mix Shotcrete in Extreme Rock-Bursting Conditions
If the stresses close to tunnels or caverns exceed the capacity of the surrounding rock, rock-bursting might start. When tunneling in such rock conditions the need for a safe, quick and...
Steel Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete?For Rock Support and Fire Protection
Rapid development in concrete technology and development of equipment has led to a change from dry hand-operated to wet robot shotcreting in Norway. Shotcrete of more than 100 MPa cube...
Steel Fibre Reinforced Wet Shotcrete with Very High Deformation Capacity
Tests have been carried out under site conditions in Norway where the performance of 40 mm long DRAMIX fibres was compared with normally used 30 mm fibres. The fibres were mixed into the...
Design of Shotcrete Linings at the Channel Tunnel
Shotcrete is one of the essential support elements of tunnels driven according to the principles of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM). Whereas originally the NATM was mainly based...
Construction of Shotcrete Linings Channel Tunnel
Without the use of shotcrete and the flexibility it offers in terms of tunnel profile, economy and speed of tunnelling, the project would certainly not be as far advanced as it is at present....
A Review of Sprayed Concrete Linings Adopted at Dinorwig Power Station
Sprayed concrete was adopted extensively as one element of both temporary and permanent rock support during the construction of the 1800 MW Dinorwig underground power station in North...
Transit Network Modelling?A New Approach
London's underground is one of the world's largest heavy-rail underground systems. London underground Limited (LUL) is the main rapid transit operator in London, and is financed directly...
Travel Demand with Forecasting Microsimulation
Transportation planners forecast travel demand using techniques that are based on dissagregate models estimated from cross-sectional data. Their forecasts are usually single future time...
A Calibration Process for Automatic Incident Detection Algorithms
This paper describes the development of a general method for the calibration of Automatic Incident Detection algorithms. A simple structure of freeway traffic data adapted to this process...
The European Approach to Seismic Design of Engineered Timber Constructions: The Case of Low-Dissipative Structures
In the present paper the importance of the dissipated energy on the actual structural behaviour of low-dissipative structures as glulam portal frames with mechanical fasteners under seismic...
QST Rolled Shapes, a New Generation of HSLA Compression Members
With the development of the Quenching and Self-Tempering (QST) process by the Luxembourg steelmaker ARBED S.A., a new generation of High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) rolled shapes has become...
Certified Safety Assessment of Zoccolo Dam
The paper reports one of the activities carried out in the framework of a so called `certified assessment of safety' program activated by ENEL SpA - Italian National Electric Board - in...
Seismic Rehabilitation of Sardis Dam
Extensive subsurface investigation of the embankment dam revealed the existence of a weak layer of silt and soft clay in the original topstratum clay underlaying the upstream shell of...
What Does Bring Ductility to Steel Fibre Reinforced Shotcrete?
It is generally accepted that ductility is the main characteristic of SFRS. Tests on scale 1/1 have been conducted to determine the influence of ductility on the bearing capacity and crack...
To the Limits of Shotcrete Linings
In the 1950s for the first time shotcrete was used because an essential support measure to guarantee the stability of an underground opening in Austria, Detzelhofer (1). Since that time...
Single-Shell Shotcrete Method
On a 60-m-long test stretch in the course of the construction of the Munich Subway the single-shell jointless shotcrete method was employed. In this case the standard cross section of...
Return to search