Rain and Gray Water Reuse Systems: The Hazard of Legionaries Disease
The Legionaries Disease is being more and more diagnosed. This infectious disease occurs when humans come in contact with the aerosol of contaminated water. The body of knowledge is growing...
Probabilistic Approach for Cancer Risk Assessment
Carcinogenic chemicals have entered ground water systems from surface spills and leaching from subsurface disposal sites. Of particular interest in this study was the contaminant tetrachioroethylene...
Water and Sanitation Intervention in Flood Mitigation Programs
Disasters, like floods and cyclones, are almost annual events in Bangladesh. Often post-disaster epidemics of diarrhoeal diseases cause more short- and long-term health problems than injuries...
Milwaukee's Ozone Upgrade
After the 1993 outbreak of illness caused by Cryptosporidium in Milwaukee, the city moved forward on an $89 million upgrade of its treatment facilities with ozone filtration, the only...
The Effect of Zero Gravity on Bones
Zero-gravity has created many problems for astronauts and researchers in space. Calcium depletion is cited as a major health problem. There are many different theories as to why zero-gravity...
VOCs: The New Effluent
The Clean Air Act of 1990, in addition to many state and local regulations, has officials of publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs) shifting their focus, and funds, to air toxic emissions...
Applications of Remote Sensing to Irrigated Agriculture
Several uses for satellite digital imagery and data from portable field radiometers have been developed for the monitoring of agricultural crops, their yields, insect and disease attacks,...
Health Benefits From the Use of Appropriate Technologies in Water Supply and Sanitation
Research on selected diseases in developing countries has found significant health impacts from water supply and sanitation interventions. Sanitation, personal and domestic hygiene, and...
Implications of the New Radiation Exposure Limits on Space Station Freedom Crews
Spaceflight unavoidably increases the exposure of astronauts to natural ionizing radiation. Any increase in radiation exposure increases the risk of contracting cancer or inducing genetic...
Risk of Waterborne Infectious Illness Associated with Diving in the Point Loma Kelp Beds, San Diego, CA
There is considerable interest in estimating the risk of bacterial and viral illness (i.e., disease, infection) associated with scuba diving in the Point Loma kelp beds located within...
Occupational and Environmental Exposures to Radon: A Perspective for Mitigators
Occupational exposures to radon and radon decay products and the associated high incidence of radiation induced lung cancer form the basis for our present-day concern for limiting exposures...
Health Hazards Associated with Asbestos Exposure: Implication for the Construction Industry
The paper presents some asbestos diseases: lung cancer, mesothelioma; gastrointestinal cancers; asbestosis. A historical perspective of asbestos-related diseases is given. The occupational...
Is It Safe to Eat the Seafood?
The issue of bacterial, viral and chemical contamination of Puget Sound seafood and its consequent impact on human health has been of concern for some time. This paper discusses potential...
The Effect of Water Supply and Sanitation Systems on Disease Patterns on Manitoba Indian Reserves
This study examines the links between water supply and sanitation and health on Indian reserves in Manitoba. Health data on water related diseases were obtained from health care agencies....
Design Criteria for Mass Culturing Spirulina Algae
One extract of Spirulina, developed by Dr. Christopher Hills has been used as a nutrient for cell cultures and contains a growth factor called Spirulina Growth Factor. Another extract...
Oral History: Saving the Past
Excerpts of the recorded interviews of three leading American civil engineers are presented. In the first interview sanitary engineer Samuel A. Greeley recalls how he supervised the construction...
Age-Specific Cancer Risk Analysis for a Population Exposed to Contaminated Drinking Water
Recent developments in the methodology for estimating cancer risk for environmental contaminants exhibit promise for improved predictability of risk analyses based on EPA risk guidelines....
Carcinogen Risk Assessment
The various approaches to assessing carcinogen risk are described and evaluated....
The Incidence, Monitoring, and Treatment of Viruses in Water Supply Systems
A State-of-the Art Review
Two areas of growing concern in water treatment and public health are the potential for spread of viruses by water routes and the adequacy of current treatment and disinfection practices...
In Third World Villages, a Simple Handpump Saves Lives
Millions die each year and many more suffer in the developing countries from diseases spread by contaminated water. In fact, it is estimated that 80% of all disease in the world is due...
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