Design of Waste Containment Structures
Synthetic liners, also known as flexible membrane liners (FMLs), have been used increasingly since the early 1970s to contain chemical and hazardous wastes because of their low permeability...
Earthen Liners for Land Disposal Facilities
Proper construction of compacted earthen liners requires special attention to construction details and quality assurance. Moisture content and weight of roller are probably the two most...
Chemical Effects on Clay Hydraulic Conductivity
Hydraulic conductivity and its susceptibility to changes with time or exposure to chemicals are major factors in selection of clay for use in waste containment barriers. Available concepts...
Ion Transfer by Diffusion Through Clayey Barriers
The practical aspects of pollutant migration by diffusion through clayey barriers is presented. The discussion is generally restricted to soils of pH approximately equals 8 which contain...
Pollutant Transport Through Barriers
Methods of predicting contaminant transport through saturated and unsaturated clayey barriers are reviewed. Particular consideration is given to the relative importance of advection and...
Waste Concentration Effects of Grout Barriers
Great concern has developed over hazardous waste sites, particularly in the leaching of the hazardous wastes into groundwater supplies. Many sites that are considered contaminated and...
Effect of Permeameter and Leachate on a Clay Liner
Hydraulic conductivity tests were performed on a natural clay liner material using leachate from an active Type II landfill. Comparative tests were conducted using flexible wall permeameters,...
Fly Ash as a Potential Waste Liner
Earthen liners have been widely used to contain toxic and hazardous materials in ponds and landfills. There is close scrutiny over the durability of liners in contact with various wastes...
The Effects of Brine Contamination on the Properties of Fine Grained Soils
Laboratory tests have been performed to investigate the effects of brine contamination on grain size distribution, relative density, liquid and plastic limits, hydraulic conductivity,...
Hydrogeologic Investigations at a Superfund Site in Wisconsin
An estimated 10,000 drums of volatile organic wastes from a nearby manufacturing plant were dumped at a landfill site in southern Wisconsin. Chemicals released from these drums have contaminated...
Permeability of Compacted Clay Liners in Laboratory Scale Models
Experiments conducted in flexible wall permeameters have shown that the permeability of a soil sample is dependent on the size of the specimen tested. The permeability was found to decrease...
Geotechnical Properties and Landfill Disposal of FGD Sludge
Extensive test data from more than a decade of research are compiled on the geotechnical engineering properties of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) sludges with emphasis on double alkali...
The Typical Engineering Properties of Fly Ash
Knowledge of key physical and engineering properties of coal fly ash is needed in the planning, design, and construction of both disposal and utilization projects. While considerable data...
Use of Vibration Measurements in Structural Evaluation
Over the past decade the capabilities for vibration measurements and analysis have advanced significantly. It is now a routine procedure to be able to measure natural frequencies of structures...
The Mexico Earthquakes?1985
Factors Involved and Lessons Learned
This publication reports initial results of study of the 1985 Mexico earthquake, one year after the event. The findings present sufficient depth of analysis to provide an understanding...
Dioxins and Human Health
Few environmental issues have attracted as much attention and controversy as the dioxins. Considerable expense has been incurred investigating effects in human populations and laboratory...
Risk Assessment and Public Policy
A governmental official charged with making solid waste policy should be careful not to allow the public policy issue to be defined as the determination of the acceptable level of risk...
The Swedish Dioxin Moratorium
Municipal waste constitutes an energy resource but also an environmental problem. In Sweden emissions of dioxines from waste-to-energy plants have triggered a major debate on environmental...
The National Incinerator Testing & Evaluation Program
Environment Canada, under the National Incinerator Testing & Evaluation Program (NITEP), is addressing emissions from municipal energy-from-waste combustion systems. The main thrust...
The Dioxin Situation in West Germany
The public discussion in Germany of the 'dioxin problem' has recently become more rational than it was three years ago. Emotions and hard facts are in a balance...
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