Questioning Composites
Steel, concrete and timber are, of course, the most commonly used construction materials. Composites, or fiber reinforced plastics, have been used in specialty applications in construction...
Specifications for Masonry Structures (ACI 530.1-92/ ASCE 6-92/TMS 602-92)
Specifications for Masonry Structures (ACE 530.1-92/ASCE 6-92/TMS 602-92) is a joint effort of the American Concrete Institute, the American Society of Civil Engineers, and The Masonry...
Deliverance
Through the years, the low-bid has been the traditional contracting method for American public sector construction. Increasingly, a number of government agencies are experimenting with...
Machine-Friendly Facility
Cargo facility automation makes more efficient use of space, reduces labor and speeds operations. These are critical factors at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport�currently...
The French Composite: A Bridge for Normandy
Aside from its record breaking 856 m span, the most important fact about France's 2,141 m Pont de Normandie�the Normandy Bridge�is that it is being built at all. The bridge...
Taming the Urban Underground
When designing and installing excavation support systems at a city construction site, be prepared to deal with the urban jungle. Tunnels and utility cables and pipes clog the underground,...
Recycling on the Mississippi
Changes in the Mississippi River's water depth and alignment are forcing the retirement of the 105-year-old Hannibal, Mo. swing bridge. Although the bridge's...
Masonry Carries the Load
Engineers frequently have preconceived notions about building materials. Masonry, for example, is commonly selected by architects for its color and texture, rather than by engineers for...
Design and Uses of Reinforced Shotcrete in Underground Projects in Canada
The first use of steel fibre reinforced shotcrete (SFRS) in Canada was using the wet-mix process in the support of deteriorated ground in 80 year old railway tunnels in the Fraser Canyon,...
High-Grade Concrete for the Single Permanent Shotcrete Lining Method
With the single permanent shotcrete lining method in underground construction in rock, a shotcrete layer placed subsequently to the application of the supporting shotcrete replaces the...
Active Tunnel Design?A New Concept for Predesign, Contractual Lay-out and Construction Management
Active tunnel Design is a new concept for design, layout of specification and contract, and for construction management of tunnels and underground carverns. Investigations yeild more information...
Development of Mechanized Wet Mix Shotcrete Application in Norwegian Tunnelling Industry
From 1971 to 1980 wet mix shotcrete won the Norwegian market 100%. In the same period hand held spraying was replaced by hydraulic manipulators. From 1980 to 1986, steel fibre use increased...
Wet Mix Shotcrete Used in Subsea Tunnel Environments
To reject the claim that the use of accelerator in shotcrete reduces the compressive strength with time, lately cored samples were taken from an 18 to 19 years old concrete. A wet mixed...
Guidelines for Shotcreting and Current Development in the Wet-Mix Technique in Finland
Guidelines for shotcreting were written based on the literature survey and shotcreting trials. During shotcreting trials existing Norwegian and Middle-European wet-mix shotcreting concepts...
Practical Considerations on the Use of Additives for Shotcrete
Shotcrete is mostly used today for securing rock: in this capacity, it has solved many problems and has become a necessary aid. However, thedegree of utilization of the method is still...
New Developments in Tunnel Lining by Help of Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete
The combination of single shell structures in tunnelling with the use of steel-fibre-reinforced concrete is decisively able to reduce the costs of tunnel projects. Several variants of...
An Identity Chart for Steel Fibers
Improvements in ductility and toughness by adding steel fibers to the shotcrete mix are sufficient to enable steel fibers to be used as replacement for steel mesh reinforcements. Steel...
Use of Steel-Fiber Reinforced Wet-Mix Shotcrete in Extreme Rock-Bursting Conditions
If the stresses close to tunnels or caverns exceed the capacity of the surrounding rock, rock-bursting might start. When tunneling in such rock conditions the need for a safe, quick and...
Steel Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete?For Rock Support and Fire Protection
Rapid development in concrete technology and development of equipment has led to a change from dry hand-operated to wet robot shotcreting in Norway. Shotcrete of more than 100 MPa cube...
Use of Long, Variable Length Steel Fibres in Shotcrete
Steel wires are cut to fibres in a shotcrete nozzle and directly incorporated in the ejected shotcrete. Long and variable length fibres can be used. The fibre material is better utilized...
Return to search