Thresholds in Appropriate Technologies for Water Supply and Waste Disposal
Appropriate technologies come from a variety of sources. Most, though not all, technologies are appropriate to the specific time and place in which they are developed. Some can be transferred...
Economic Incentives and Appropriate Technology in Village Water Supply
This paper discusses the use of appropriate technology in the village water supply sector in developing countries. Appropriate technology may be defined to cover both the technical alternatives...
Tradition and Innovation in Water Use and Reclamation
Of all the arts of food production, none is older or more important than irrigation. Historical and archaeological findings show that irrigation played a major role in the development...
Simplified Water Treatment Plant Design
The building of succeeding generations of sophisticated water and waste water plants, usually containing complex and energy intensive equipment, has been one of the marks of technically...
Intermediate Service Levels in Water Distribution
This paper is concerned with design standards for secondary water distribution networks. Based on field studies in the Middle East and Africa, mathematical equations were developed for...
Cost-Effective Use of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Ponds
Treatment ponds are a cost-effective alternative for municipal wastewater treatment. When compared to other secondary treatment alternatives, ponds are generally the least costly, require...
Land Treatment Systems and the Environment
This paper summarizes the results from several experiments using the rapid infiltration, overland flow and slow infiltration modes of land treatment....
Systems of Waste Water Management in Europe
The history of European waste water management is briefly reviewed. Legal aspects of waste water management are presented by examples from Germany and Switzerland. International agreements...
Measuring the Effects of Man's Wastes on the Ocean
Understanding the ecological effects of municipal wastewater discharged into the ocean depends on data developed by reliable measurements. Municipal wastes are largely residential sewage...
The Place of Land Treatment of Wastewater in Today's Society
Land treatment of sewage can be a viable alternative to secondary and/or tertiary in-plant treatment. Depending on local conditions, overland-flow, low-rate, or high-rate systems, or a...
County Engineer Throws the Book Away in Intersection Design and Lowers Cost 20%
Article describes the innovative design of a highway intersection that was reconstructed to relieve traffic congestion. The nearest drainage outlet was 2800-ft away and was inadequate,...
TVA Cuts Deep Slot in Dam, Ends Cracking Problem
In 1972, cracking in the concrete dam at TVA's Fontana project embarked TVA on a four-year program of investigation, analysis and repair. Thermal expansion in the downstream...
European Water Treatment Practices�� Their Experience with Ozone
Today, more than 1100 water treatment plants worldwide use ozone for some purpose. In Europe, it is always regarded as a water-treatment technique and seldom simply as a disinfectant....
European Water Treatment Practices�� The Promise of Biological Activated Carbon
Bacterial growths occur in all granulated activated carbon columns. In fact, it is difficult to prevent such growths. The Germans now deliberately foster aerobic bacterial growth by providing...
Field Control Replaces Design Conservation At World's Largest Underground Powerhouse
The excavation of 16,000,000 yd� of rock at LG-2, part of the La Grande hydropower project in Canada, has been completed. The world's largest underground powerhouse, with...
The Coastal Zone: Battleground and Classroom
The coastal zone of the nation is becoming the battleground for opposing energy and environmental interests. The Coastal Zone Management Law of 1972 asked that each state prepare a coastal...
Bypassing Sand at Coastal Inlets
To reduce dredging requirements and to provide calm navigation channels, the U.S. Corps of Engineers often constructs jetties and breakwaters. These structures block sand drifting along...
Foundation Soil Preload Saves $164,000
Soils in the lower Mississippi valley are highly compressible and present a challenge to structural foundation designers. Rather than support power plant structures on piles, one design...
EPA Proposes Far-Reaching Regulations for Reducing Synthetic Organics in Drinking Water
In late January, 1978, EPA proposed far-reaching regulations for reducing synthetic organic chemicals in drinking water, bringing about the most sweeping changes in the water-treatment...
What's New in Concrete and Concrete Floors�
What's new in concrete and concrete floors? Dig into that subject and you find that among the most interesting and important recent developments are (1)Post-tensioned flat...
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