Snowmelt Runoff Models for Water Supply Forecasting
Remote sensing is changing the approach in snowmelt runoff modelling. Instead of a simulated snow cover, the areal extent of the real snow cover can be periodically evaluated. Adaptation...
The SNOTEL Data Acquisition System Design, Operation, and Uses
The Soil Conservation Service (SCS), U. S. Department of Agriculture, coordinates measurement of the winter snowpack in the Rockies, Sierra Nevada, Cascades, and other major mountain ranges...
Small Hydropower Development for Mining Industry
In deep mines, large refrigeration systems are employed to condition the working air to help control temperature and humidity. Large quantities of water are required to be brought into...
Field Flow Measurement of Hydro-Turbine Efficiency
Performance tests were conducted at Great Northern Paper (GNP) Company's Weldon Hydroelectric Station. The purpose of the tests was to calibrate the Winter-Kennedy taps and...
Alternative Layouts for Hydro Headrace Tunnels
The recent development of tunnel boring machines capable of excavating hard rock at virtually any grade together with the Norwegian experience in compressed air surge tanks provides the...
Sedimentation in Small Hydropower Reservoirs
Small-scale hydropower projects, which usually include reservoirs of limited size, may inherently incorporate severe sedimentation problems. The ratio of reservoir volume to sediment inflow...
Hydrogen Cycle Peak Power at Low-Head Sites
A major draw back to further development of low-head hydro power is that it usually uses run-of-the-river operations. The storage potential for peaking power production that large reservoirs...
Power from a Water Supply System: A Resource Which Can Be Tapped
There are numerous water supply systems from which hydroelectric power could be developed without impending the regular operational schedule. The basic principle of operation is not different...
Planning a Resource-Compatible Low Head Waterpower Development
Responsible development of waterpower potential is a significant aspect of comprehensive water resource planning. Recent interest in small scale hydro projects has generated concern among...
Incorporating a Hydro Plant into a Municipal Water System
While recently reformulating water use strategy and policy in association with the development of a new water supply reservoir, a large North Carolina municipality was prompted to assess...
Camp Far West Hydroelectric Project--From Concept to Reality
The project has progressed through a series of predictable development stages including a detailed feasibility study, major project licensing, an environmental Initial Study and Negative...
Factory-Built Pump Stations for Water Service
Booster pumps for fire protection in tall buildings and small sewage pump stations have been available for many years as factory-built packages. These packages include pumps, motors, controls,...
Development of Toxic Screening Models for Surface Water Supplies
A major interest of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency has been the assessment or ranking of vulnerable water utilities. Until recently, no techniques have been available that quantitatively...
Modifications of Dams for Recreational Boating
Many existing dams and river structures require modification, and new structures may need to include designs to allow safe white water activities. The basic problem is safety, with a long...
Recreational Freshwater Embayment Design for Acceptable Water Quality
Combined field and laboratory studies were used to relate water quality, geometry, and exchange characteristics in reservoir swim embayments. Water surface fluctuations in reservoirs are...
Water Supply Supplemented by Airport Storm Runoff
The quality of natural and induced storm water runoff from Oahu's Honolulu International Airport (HIA) and four outer island airports in Hawaii was evaluated for water supply...
Dual Source Water Supply Facilitates Power Plant Start-Up
The make-up cooling water supply for a four unit coal-fired steam turbine generating station required a peak demand of 28,000 gallons per minute (62. 4 cubic feet per second). Following...
A Systems Approach to the Assessment of Water Supply, Treatment, Storage and Distribution Systems
To focus on the needs of a system at present and in the future and to foresee potential problem areas prior to their occurrence, it is advisable for the management of a water utility to...
Studying Water System Operation by Computer
Computer modeling can greatly improve the planning and operation of water systems at relatively low cost. Time-dependent water system models can be used to refine improvements to a water...
Sensitivity of Model Choice in Reservoir Design
The Box-Jenkins method of model construction and tests of model adequacy and fit are applied to a reservoir design problem. The sensitivity of the stochastic models used to generate synthetic...
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