Use of the Penman Equation in Inter-Mountain Valleys
H.L. Penman equation as well as the J.L. Monteith version of this equation were compared under the advective conditions of the Grand Valley of Colorado. The wind function in the general...
Pesticide and Nitrate Movement Under Conservation and Conventional Tilled Plots
Carbofuran, alachlor, atrazine, nitrate and bromide (a tracer) were applied to plots with conventional and conservation tillage. During the early part of the growing season the conservation...
Use Requirements for Bowen Ratio and Eddy Correlation Determination of Evapotranspiration
Reduced costs and complexity are encouraging more operational use of eddy correlation (EC) and energy balance Bowen ratio (EBBR) instrumentation for estimating evapotranspiration. Often...
Theory and Operation of French Energy Balance, Bowen Ratio and Micro-Meteorology Instrumentation
The Penman formula for potential evapotranspiration (ETp) and the Energy Balance Method for actual evapotranspiration (ETr) provide information on evapotranspiration rates. Examination...
Bulk Stomatal Resistance in Operational Estimates of Evapotranspiration
General relationships for estimating canopy or bulk stomatal resistance and aerodynamic resistances of grass and alfalfa reference crops for use in the Penman-J.L. Monteith equation are...
How Far along the Learning Curve is the Contingent Valuation Method?
The paper discusses an application of the learning curve concept to new benefit methodologies and applies the model to the contingent valuation (CV) methodology. As knowledge accumulates...
Calibration of Water-Velocity Meters
The U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior, as part of its responsibility to appraise the quantity of water resources in the United States, maintains facilities for the calibration...
Estimation of Urban Stormwater Quality
Two data-based methods for estimating urban stormwater quality have recently been made available - a planning level method developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),...
Instrumentation for a Dry-Pond Detention Study
A 12.3-acre, fully urbanized, residential land-use catchment was instrumented by the U. S. Geological Survey in Topeka, Kansas. Hydraulic instrumentation for flow measurement includes...
Morphologic and Hydraulic Adjustments of Red River from Shreveport, LA to Fulton, AK, between 1886 and 1980
Morphometric data (channel width and depth and slope) from 4 hydrographic surveys of Red River (1886, 1938, 1968, 1980) from Shreveport to Fulton and specific-gage analyses for the gages...
Summary of Floods and Droughts in the United States
This paper describes a current national analysis of streamflow data being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey to identify and map, in a consistent State-by-State format, the frequency...
Hydroturbine Efficiency and Cavitation Monitoring
The paper describes a microcomputer-based system for monitoring hydroturbine performance and cavitation level. Remote access to the monitoring system provides convenient, rapid, and accurate...
Gas Transfer at Hydraulic Structures
Field measurements of gas transfer at hydraulic structures are notoriously difficult and imprecise. A technique which measures the transfer of hydrocarbon tracer gases has been tested...
Longitudinal Dispersion in Rivers: A Dead Zone Model Solution
The longitudinal dispersion of tracer material in rivers is often analyzed based on the one-dimensional convective diffusion equation developed by G.I. Taylor. However, the persistent...
Hydrodynamic Dispersion: Estimation and Prediction
The dispersion of dissolved, nonreactive tracers in groundwater is governed by diffusion and advection. A.E. Scheidegger introduced the term dispersivity to describe the effect that a...
Robotic Influence in the Conceptual Design of Mechanical Systems in Space and Vice Versa: A Survey
A survey is presented of the methods of constructing structural elements in space by the application of robotic devices. Two fundamentally different approaches to the solution of robotic...
Comparisons Between Space Facilities and Earth-Based Analogs
This presentation will focus on the design of planetary bases and space stations as based on comparative designs for facilities in analogous harsh and isolated environments here on Earth....
XLA -- The X-ray Large Array
The Naval Research Laboratory, Stanford University, and The University of Washington have proposed a large (100 square meters) array of X-ray detectors, called XLA, to be built at the...
21st Century Astronomical Observatories on the Moon
The advantages and disadvantages of building astronomical observatories on the Moon are described. In many ways, the Moon is a superior environment for astronomy to that of the Earth's...
Highway Safety - Is the Job Finished?
A review of past measures undertaken to improve highway safety is given. The Highway Safety Acts have helped reduce the number of injuries and fatalities in spite of the increased number...
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