Modeling Reliability in Water Distribution Network Design
The component failures in a water distribution system include pipe breaks, pump failures, valve failures, storage malfunctions, etc. The reliability of these components has an effect upon...
Integrated Wastewater and Sludge Treatment in a Tree Farm
A system which integrates land treatment of wastewater following primary sedimentation with tree production and sludge composting was evaluated for its land requirements, costs, and energy...
Computer Aided Drafting in the Water Resources Environment
The movement from traditional mechanical drafting to computer aided drafting in the small consulting business/research environment while necessary from the viewpoint of productivity and...
Water System Reliability?Balance of Cost and Risk
Reliability of water distribution systems to perform adequately during stress situations is dependent both on operation/maintenance preparedness as well as the limitations of the physical...
Benefit-Cost Evaluation of Minimum Instream Flows
In many cases, determinations of minimum desirable instream flows (MIF) are made without full consideration of economic costs and benefits. Benefits are frequently quantified in nonmonetary...
Water Supply and Sewage Disposal: Shanghai, China
This paper describes a joint research effort which took place between the Shanghai Bureau of Environmental Protection, Tsinghua University (Beijing), and the University of Michigan. The...
Project Cost Control for Heavy Equipment
Some concepts and methods of project cost control for heavy equipment have been defined, which include methods, effectiveness, outside repairs, and the resulting management information,...
Total Cost Purchase Options Buy vs Lease vs Rental Conversion Cash Flow Analysis
Today's financing alternatives are very complex and sometimes difficult to comprehend. The combined effect of the slow economy and uncertain future workload has accelerated...
Keeping Sand at a Standstill
Construction of roads, railroads, pipelines and other facilities removes the native vegetation from sand dunes. As a result, sand movement starts and entire dunes may become active. This...
The Risk Factor in Water Resources
Risk is inherent in nature and society, while uncertainty depends on investigations. Decision making in water resources is most often a deterministic selection of dimensions which divide...
A Cost Effective Quality Control Program for Commercial Construction
The construction industry recognizes the important need for a formalized quality control program to assure the safety of our structures. The successful program is one in which the owner,...
The History of Construction Management
Construction Management's origins can be traced to several forerunners, and its development, although short, has seen many changes of both practice and attitude. Its cost...
A CM Multiple Contracting Cost Model
The original purpose for construction management was cost savings through time savings and efficient operations. As the CM system expanded in use and scope of services other very significant...
Passing the Public Works Buck
Users and beneficiaries of local and state public works projects are paying a larger share of their cost. State and federal grants and general local revenues are being relied on less....
Optimal Design of Sanitary Sewers
Virtually all recent research has been on conventional gravity sewers without pumping. A variety of optimization techniques has been used, including linear programming, nonlinear programming,...
Computerized Construction Cost Estimating in County Government
Prior to establishment of a computerized contruction cost estimating system, four engineering divisions within the Department of Public Works in Fairfax County, Virginia, performed some...
Personal Computer Environment for Minicomputer Users
Users find that personal computers can perform most functions previously available only on minicomputers or even mainframe computers. Companies have an imbedded investment in existing...
Cost of Urban Runoff Quality Controls
This paper attempts to provide guidance in the evaluation, selection and planning of various BMPs by comparing their costs and cost-effectiveness, in terms of pollutant removal capabilities....
The True Cost of Microcomputers
The purchase price of a microcomputer represents a small fraction of the total operating cost of that micro. An analysis of other cost components reveals an ongoing annual cost from two...
Isolating Earthquakes
The Foothills Communities Law and Justice Center in Rancho Cucamonga, Calif., is the first U.S. building to rest on base isolators for protection against a possible earthquake of 8.3 Richter....
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