Behavioral, Social, and Institutional Aspects of Risk Analysis
The paper summarizes the third session of the conference which discussed four items that become pitfalls for decision makers when neglected. These are parameter uncertainties as distinct...
Risk Management Strategies for Natural, Manmade, and Technological Hazards
The paper summarizes the fourth session of the conference which discussed risk assessment approaches in bio/chemical hazards; specific studies on people's behavior and views of natural...
Risk Management Strategies for Natural, Manmade, and Technological Hazards
The sixth session featured three important applications of risk and reliability analysis in water resources planning. Papers were presented on incentives to use reliability and risk analysis...
Computer Software for Risk Analysis
The seventh session was directed toward computer software that is designed for use in various aspects of risk analysis. The papers presented discussed the following: application of user-friendly...
Climate Change
The wide range of predictions from global climate models most often encourages a wait-and-see approach. These uncertainties and a trust that conventional policy is sufficient to accommodate...
Controlling Lead and Copper Corrosion and Sequestering of Iron and Manganese
With the recently enacted Lead and Copper Rule (LCR), many utilities are faced with the conflict of meeting the requirements of the Rule and controlling aesthetic problems caused by source...
Modeling Issues of Copper Solubility in Drinking Water
The paper discusses the application of a model to the solubility of copper in drinking water. This paper is the result of numerous forms of pitting corrosion and pipe failures. Monitoring...
The Effects of NOM and Coagulation on Copper Corrosion
Copper corrosion was examined in solutions containing natural organic matter (NOM) and in situations where NOM was removed by enhanced coagulation with alum or ferric chloride. Electrochemical...
Water Chemistry of Lead Corrosion Control
Requirements of the Lead and Copper Rule (U.S. EPA) makes it necessary for regulators, consultants, and water purveyors to understand the fundamental relationships between water quality...
Cryptosporidium and the Milwaukee Incident
In early 1993, Milwaukee, Wisconsin reported a sharp increase in the number of diarrhea patients and shortage of over the counter drugs for diarrhea control at local pharmacies. This increase...
Control of Microbial Water Quality in the Little Rock, Arkansas Distribution System
Beginning in the summer of 1993, seasonal studies were undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of water treatment processes at Little Rock Municipal Water Works (LRMWW). Two treatment...
The Relationship of Speciation to Iron and Manganese Removal Strategies
Case studies are presented describing how Fe and Mn speciation procedures were used to solve process problems at two water utilities. A series of filtration steps are used to separate...
Comparison of Biological and Chemical/Physical Iron Removal
The report compares the efficiency of chemical/physical and biological iron removal processes during the entire filter cycle. The results of the first three pilot studies performed in...
Treatment of Oil in Water Emulsions by Ceramic-Supported Polymeric Membranes
A novel membrane was developed by growing polymer chains from the surface of a porous ceramic support, resulting in a composite membrane which combines the mechanical properties of the...
Immiscible Organic Liquid Recovery Using Unconfined Membranes
Hydrophobic hollow fiber micropourous membranes have been characterized and applied to the problem of separating and recovering low density hydrocarbons from water surfaces. The merits...
Waste Minimization and Recycling by Microfiltration during Nitrocellulose Manufacturing
A plant survey was conducted to determine the amount of nitrocellulose (NC) discharged with process water from each of five sequential NC purification processes. Wastewater samples were...
The Performance of Unconfined Hollow Fiber Membranes as Pipe Flow and Mixed Flow Aerators
Unconfined gas permeable membranes situated within mixed reactors are currently being evaluated as a viable technology for gas transfer. The use of sealed hollow fiber membranes that are...
Meeting 503 Regulations for Ten Biosolids Incinerators (And Associated Stories)
This paper provides an overview of the Hampton Roads Sanitation District's Part 503 regulations compliance program regarding incineration of biosolids at five of its treatment facilities....
Clearing the Air About Sludge Incinerator Emissions
In 1990, a research needs assessment for wastewater treatment agencies conducted by the Water Environment Research Foundation recommended a three-year project to identify and quantify...
A Study of Alkalinity Leaching and Residual Strength of Alkaline Stabilized Sludge
The addition of sufficient amounts of quicklime or other alkaline earth oxides to dewatered sludge raises both the pH and temperature of the sludge, resulting in microbial inactivation....
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