Environmental Considerations in Sustainable Development and the Application of Appropriate Technology
A fundamental appropriate technology concept is that technologies, as well as the development process, must be environmentally sound. As stated by the United Nations' World...
Local Resources in Developing Country Water Supplies
Maximizing the use of local resources in water supply projects can expand markets for locally produced equipment and materials, reduce exports and minimize expenditures of hard currency...
Overview of Autoventing Turbine Technology Development Project
Low concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the discharge of hydro plants represent one of the most significant environmental concerns confronting the hydropower industry. This is especially...
Experimental Difficulties Encountered in Testing Air/Water Mixtures
The Tennessee Valley Authority and Voith Hydro, Inc., are conducting a joint research project to study the effects of air admission on hydraulic turbines. Francis turbine models, homologous...
Finite Element Modeling of Flow in Wetlands
Requirements for developing a mathematical model of unsteady flow in wetlands are suggested. An equivalent continuum approximation is appropriate to avoid problems of describing the turbulence...
Management and Institutional Considerations in Selecting Appropriate Technologies in Water Supply and Sanitation
Rural water supply and sanitation systems in developing countries have had an unacceptably high rate of failure or reduced use. Development planners have not sufficiently considered the...
Application of Appropriate Technology in Hydroelectric Project Rehabilitation
Many older dams are in need of rehabilitation as a result of aging, deterioration, and more stringent safety standards. A primary concern is spillway and stability inadequacies resulting...
Appropriate Technology in Infrastructure Development and Management
Infrastructure management principles apply to appropriate technologies used for hydraulic structures. However, some of the principles are more culturally sensitive than others, mainly...
One Dimensional Finite Element Model for Spillway Flow
This paper summarizes the development and preliminary testing of a one dimensional numerical model termed 'CURVE1D.' The model is nonhydrostatic, including bed...
Kings Bay Channel Expansion Hybrid Model Assessment
A hybrid modeling system (coupled physical and numerical models) was developed to assess velocity and sediment impacts associated with channel expansion. Physical model tides and velocities...
Incipient Motion Criteria Defining Safe Zones for Salmon Spawning Habitat
Approximately 70% of the City of Seattle's water supply is drawn from the Cedar River. Between 200,000 and 400,000 sockeye salmon spawn annually in this partially dewatered...
Issues and Challenges Facing the Effective Delivery of Scientific Visualization
The availability of economical hardware and software products for scientific visualization has stimulated implementation of scientific visualization within high performance computing environments....
A Modular Visual Interface for Computational Fluids Forecasting
A forecasting system is under development for predicting the three-dimensional physical features (e.g. velocity, temperature etc.) of large water bodies. Visualization and interface development...
Visualization of Grids and Flow Fields for CFD Data
This paper will address visualization of grids and flow fields for computational field simulation. Specifically, we will present results and demonstrations of surface and grid generation...
A Microcomputer-Based System for Two-Dimensional Flow Modeling
An integrated, microcomputer-based system has been developed for simulation of two-dimensional, unsteady, free surface flows. The system consists of a finite-element mesh generation code,...
Set-Down in a Tidal Embayment
A mean water level in tidal bays and estuaries that is higher than the ocean mean water level (set-up) is a fairly common occurrence. Set-down of the mean water level can be shown to be...
Experimental Model Study of Over and Under Baffles
A hydraulic model study of a chlorine mixing channel was conducted at the Hydraulic Research Laboratory of the City of Los Angeles. An arrangement of over-under baffles was used to facilitate...
Application of a 2-D Water Quality Model (BETTER) to Manage Effects of Low Flow and Wastewater Effluents in Cheatham Lake, Tennessee
Applications of BETTER, a 2-D reservoir water quality model, have been made by the Nashville District Corps of Engineers (Corps) and by the Nashville Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Services...
Tracking Cold Water in a Large Reservoir System
The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) Environmental River Resource Aid (TERRA) is a computer workstation graphics display that tracks environmental variables in the power service area....
A Review of Modeling and Analysis Approaches for Optimization of Reservoir System Operations
Numerous mathematical models have been developed for sizing reservoir storage capacities and establishing operating policies during project planning, for reevaluating the operating policies...
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