Modeling Reliability in Water Distribution Network Design
The component failures in a water distribution system include pipe breaks, pump failures, valve failures, storage malfunctions, etc. The reliability of these components has an effect upon...
Integrated Wastewater and Sludge Treatment in a Tree Farm
A system which integrates land treatment of wastewater following primary sedimentation with tree production and sludge composting was evaluated for its land requirements, costs, and energy...
Computer Aided Drafting in the Water Resources Environment
The movement from traditional mechanical drafting to computer aided drafting in the small consulting business/research environment while necessary from the viewpoint of productivity and...
Water System Reliability?Balance of Cost and Risk
Reliability of water distribution systems to perform adequately during stress situations is dependent both on operation/maintenance preparedness as well as the limitations of the physical...
Benefit-Cost Evaluation of Minimum Instream Flows
In many cases, determinations of minimum desirable instream flows (MIF) are made without full consideration of economic costs and benefits. Benefits are frequently quantified in nonmonetary...
Water Supply and Sewage Disposal: Shanghai, China
This paper describes a joint research effort which took place between the Shanghai Bureau of Environmental Protection, Tsinghua University (Beijing), and the University of Michigan. The...
Total Cost Purchase Options Buy vs Lease vs Rental Conversion Cash Flow Analysis
Today's financing alternatives are very complex and sometimes difficult to comprehend. The combined effect of the slow economy and uncertain future workload has accelerated...
Keeping Sand at a Standstill
Construction of roads, railroads, pipelines and other facilities removes the native vegetation from sand dunes. As a result, sand movement starts and entire dunes may become active. This...
Excellence in Inspection
Excellence in inspection starts with proper interpretation of specifications and drawings. There exists a void between the design team and the field people which must be bridged in order...
Optimal Design of Sanitary Sewers
Virtually all recent research has been on conventional gravity sewers without pumping. A variety of optimization techniques has been used, including linear programming, nonlinear programming,...
Personal Computer Environment for Minicomputer Users
Users find that personal computers can perform most functions previously available only on minicomputers or even mainframe computers. Companies have an imbedded investment in existing...
Cost of Urban Runoff Quality Controls
This paper attempts to provide guidance in the evaluation, selection and planning of various BMPs by comparing their costs and cost-effectiveness, in terms of pollutant removal capabilities....
The True Cost of Microcomputers
The purchase price of a microcomputer represents a small fraction of the total operating cost of that micro. An analysis of other cost components reveals an ongoing annual cost from two...
Grouting a Sand Dam
Hardy Dam, owned by Michigan's Consumers Power Co., was constructed in 1929 by dumping sand from railroad trestles for an embankment to support a concrete core wall. Some...
Isolating Earthquakes
The Foothills Communities Law and Justice Center in Rancho Cucamonga, Calif., is the first U.S. building to rest on base isolators for protection against a possible earthquake of 8.3 Richter....
National Urban Transportation Planning Trends and Implications
This paper explores urban transportation planning, program, and policy trends of the 1980s. Legislative and regulatory changes are also addressed. Among the planning trends discussed are...
Parking Efficiency Through Shared Parking Concepts
Due to continuing demand for concentrated parking supply in our urban areas, developers and public agencies must devote a significant amount of their resources and energies to providing...
Bus Maintenance Cost Control
Effective bus maintenance programs are essential for the cost-effective provision of reliable transit service. Standard tools for maintenance management include preventative maintenance...
Institutional Barriers to Private Financing
This paper examines the general question of institutional barriers at federal, state and local levels of government to private participation and financing in urban transportation. He reports...
Transit Agency Use of Computer Paratransit
Several transit agencies in the U. S. have developed commuter paratransit services - subscription bus, vanpools, and carpools - as a means of pursuing the objective of more cost-effective...
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