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Membranes in Water Treatment
Membrane technology, using reverse osmosis to treat drinking water, is a promising alternative to conventional treatment. The method is now being used for desalination in a growing number...

Effect of Void on Footing Behavior Under Eccentric and Inclined Loads
The effect of underground void on the behavior of strip footings subjected to eccentric and inclined loads was investigated using the finite element method of analysis. Results of the...

Low Cost Wave Measurement Program
This paper addresses some problems related to a wave measurement program in the coast emphasizing costs, environmental hazards and technological problems. Subjects covered include coastal...

POU/POE Devices: Availability, Performance, and Cost
In order to gather and summarize information and data on point of use/point of entry (POU/POE) devices, a committee was established by the Environmental Engineering Division of the American...

Importance of Aeration Basin Detention Time in the Activated Sludge Process
Aeration basin detention time is a key design parameter for an activated sludge system at a wastewater treatment plant. The impacts of reducing the aeration time is illustrated by a case...

Optimizing the Activated Sludge Process by Encouraging Futile Cycling
A study was conducted to demonstrate that cell yield in activated sludge processes can be decreased without increasing oxygen consumption by applying operating conditions that encourage...

Full-Scale Evaluation of Filter Influent Chlorination and Ozonation
Ozone and chlorine applied ahead of pressure filters are compared to determine the effect of the chemical addition on the pressure differential across the filter bed. The study was significant...

The Evolution of Sludge Thickening Practice
An analysis of contemporary thickening practice is presented with a brief review of the genesis of each type of thickening. A summary of thickening capital and operating costs for three...

Improved Centrifuge Designs for High Cake Solids
The new generation of advanced centrifuges pioneered by Humboldt Wedag can readily produce 30 ? 2% TS cake on most raw and digested primary and waste activated sludge, wherein the primary...

Proposal for Combining Expert Systems and Canal Design
Expert Systems can be combined with a computer aided design methodology to develop a cost effective canal system. The System should consider a feasible set of design alternatives to satisfy...

Optimal Real-Time Pump and Irrigation Scheduling for Center-Pivot Sprinkler Systems
A comprehensive scheduling algorithm is presented for optimally integrating irrigation and pump operational decisions in center-pivot sprinkler systems. Dynamic programming successive...

Hydropower Development under the Utility Concept of Least Cost Utility Planning
The impetus behind 'Least Cost Utility Planning' (LCUP) is that if new generation or purchased power could be deferred, the resultant savings could be used to...

Case Study Incremental Approach to Cost Analysis for Improvements to Wise Powerhouse Penstock
In 1980, Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) began studying the addition of a second powerhouse to the existing Wise Hydroelectric Project. Because of the existing project...

Capital Cost Modelling for Micro-Hydro Appraisal
Empirical capital cost models for mini- and micro-hydro installations have not been validated with consistent site information. This paper reviews cost modelling techniques and describes...

Detecting the Defects
According to estimates, for every dollar spent on preventive maintenance of the infrastructure, $10 will be saved by avoiding emergency repairs after major structural failures. Technologies...

Affordable Housing
a Challenge to Civil Engineers
This conference proceedings, which consists of 25 papers presented at the National Conference on Affordable Housing held in Miami, Florida on December 6-8, 1989, discusses ways that the...

Regulatory Impact Statements
This paper suggests the issue of regulatory impacts be addressed in a manner analogous to environmental impacts, using a timely, comprehensive methodology. By 'timely'...

An Effective Cost Control System
Project budgeting consists of converting the capital cost estimate into accountable cost centers by physical or process area and classifications of work. The primary purpose of the project...

The Cost of Quality: A Management Tool
In design and construction of engineered facilities, the cost of quality is a major cost item; perhaps exceeding one fourth the total installed project cost. A simple, flexible Quality...

Tunnel Maintenance Operations
Maintenance considerations during both the design and operational phases are very important to good tunnel maintenance. The use of proper materials able to withstand the rigorous environment...

 

 

 

 

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