Fracture Resistance to Cracking in Ice: Initiation and Growth
The issue of notch sensitivity and brittleness of the test failure is used to forecast the necessary specimen size for a material property initiation toughness; a methodology is developed...
Laboratory Observations of Macroscopic Failure Modes in Freshwater Ice
A review is presented of tests performed in the laboratory by several investigators on indentation in freshwater ice. A number of the observed failure modes are discussed. From the results,...
Some Questions on Fracture Mechanics of Ice and Ice Covers
Investigation of natural processes of deformation and fracture of ice covers, and processes of its interaction with icebreaker or ice-resistant structures requires as a rule considerations...
Effective Pressures Measured During Indentation Tests in Freshwater Ice
Indentation tests were conducted by pushing flat, vertical indentors of two different widths (50 and 100 mm) against the edges of floating, freshwater ice at different velocities (0.6-150...
Modeling of Floating Ice Sheets
Rectangular finite elements are studied and their suitability to investigate behavior of floating ice sheets is discussed. A simple model of the plate on one parameter, Wrinkler type,...
Loads and Vibration Induced by Compressive Failure of Ice
In earlier work, attention was focussed on the narrow length of crushed ice adjacent to the structure, which was seen as the seat of vibration associated with ice crushing. Crushed ice...
Application of Ice/Structure Interaction Concepts to a Real Time Ice Risk Assessment Computer Model
The successful and safe operation of an Arctic offshore exploration structure greatly depends on the implementation of alerts procedures. In order to assess alerts levels, a computer model...
Wang's Equation for Ice Forces From a Pressure Ridge
Yung-shih (Tony) Wang has presented an equation for the breaking loads from a multiyear pressure ridge on a conical structure. The three distances that define the position of the plastic...
Drifted Snow on Roofs
Drift snow loads on multilevel roofs account for about 75 percent of all snow load related roof collapses. A case history of snow drifts provides the foundation for a discussion of the...
Snow Fence Operational and Material Testing
The proliferation of snow fence products since the late 1970's presents an opportunity for optimizing the control of drifting snow. It also presents a challenge in discriminating...
Snow Transport as a Function of Wind Speed and Height
When limitations are placed on mass flux in the saltation layer, a regression equation relating mass flux to wind speed and height above surface, developed by Mellor and Fellers (1986),...
Recommended Cold Regions Meteorological Instrumentation
For nearly 30 years, CRREL has studied environmental conditions in winter weather. These efforts have concentrated on providing field-measured meteorological data and historical climatological...
Earth Walls: Making the Right Choice
Earth walls are retaining walls where the ground assumes a load-bearing role. These walls either support compacted earth (embankment-type reinforced compacted earth walls such as Doublewal...
New Support for Pin-Hanger Bridges
To promote safety of their bridges, many state highway departments are considering ways to add auxiliary support to existing pin-hanger bridges. The Pennsylvania DOT and its open-end consultant...
Design of Large Capacity Coal Silos for Service Life
Design and construction of Large Capacity Coal Silos for service life requires a careful consideration of the silo configuration as well as the material handling system. This paper presents...
Structural Renovation of Tall Chimneys
This paper describes several tall chimney projects where major renovations were performed to the linings which required complete structural analysis of the existing chimney and foundation....
Modeling in Support of Hanford Site Waste Management
The waste management practices for both radioactive and hazardous wastes at the Hanford Site are designed to comply with all applicable state and federal regulations. Results from numerical...
Procedure for Seismic Evaluation and Design of Small Bore Piping
Simplified methods for the seismic design for small bore piping in nuclear power plants have been used for many years. Various pipe designers have developed unique methods to treat the...
Anchoring?A New Generation
During the time period of NRC Bulletin 79-02, and certainly afterwards, the use and application of wedge type anchors in Nuclear Power Plants took on a new perspective. The data gathered...
Optimization Models for Acid Rain Control
A series of related optimization formulations are presented for developing and analyzing acid rain control strategies. These models span a wide array of approaches and reflect a similarly...
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