Future Technology for Disbonding Snow and Ice from Pavements
Current techniques to remove ice and compacted snow from pavement surfaces are costly because they needlessly crush or melt most of the ice layer. Also, in many cases they do not accomplish...

On the Constitutive Behavior of Single Ice Crystals Due to Dislocation Mechanisms
A three-dimensional constitutive relation is derived for single ice crystals. The formulation is developed in terms of dislocation processes on the basal, prism, and pyramidal planes....

Visco-elasticity and the Compressive Failure of Polycrystalline Ice
The analysis of the visco-elasticity of polycrystalline ice is addressed. Experimental results on isotropic and anisotropic polycrystalline ice are presented, which indicate that intracrystalline...

Anelastic Straining in Polycrystalline Ice
This paper presents experimental observations on the influence of stress, grain size and total strain level on the magnitude of anelastic strain in granular freshwater ice. Cyclic loading...

Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviour of Ice
Short descriptions are given for ice in nature, test methods used to evaluate their deformation behaviour and, a general microstructure-based constitutive equation. Equations suitable...

Fractal Crushing
This paper develops an approach to a two-dimensional fragmentation process, in which floating ice floes are driven against each other and break up into smaller floes. It first considers...

Effect of Grain Size Variation on Damage in Polycrystalline Ice
This paper studies the effect of grain size distributions on damage accumulation in polycrystalline ice under uniaxial compression. The numerical results are derived from the internal-variable...

The Ductile-Brittle Transition in Ice & Size Effect
This paper considers the ductile to brittle transition in ice under compression. Two criteria, one phenomenological and the other more physical, are presented for the transition strain...

Preliminary Results of Direct Tension Tests on First-Year Sea Ice Samples
We present the initial results of our tests to determine the tensile behavior of columnar sea ice over a range of temperatures extending from -20 to -3?C and strain rates of 10-5...

Fracture Resistance to Cracking in Ice: Initiation and Growth
The issue of notch sensitivity and brittleness of the test failure is used to forecast the necessary specimen size for a material property initiation toughness; a methodology is developed...

Size Effects in the Fracture of Quasi-Brittle Materials
Causes and influences of the structural size effect that is exhibited by materials such as concrete, mortar, ice rock and ceramics, are discussed. The size effect law, which models this...

Laboratory Observations of Macroscopic Failure Modes in Freshwater Ice
A review is presented of tests performed in the laboratory by several investigators on indentation in freshwater ice. A number of the observed failure modes are discussed. From the results,...

Some Questions on Fracture Mechanics of Ice and Ice Covers
Investigation of natural processes of deformation and fracture of ice covers, and processes of its interaction with icebreaker or ice-resistant structures requires as a rule considerations...

Effective Pressures Measured During Indentation Tests in Freshwater Ice
Indentation tests were conducted by pushing flat, vertical indentors of two different widths (50 and 100 mm) against the edges of floating, freshwater ice at different velocities (0.6-150...

Modeling of Floating Ice Sheets
Rectangular finite elements are studied and their suitability to investigate behavior of floating ice sheets is discussed. A simple model of the plate on one parameter, Wrinkler type,...

Loads and Vibration Induced by Compressive Failure of Ice
In earlier work, attention was focussed on the narrow length of crushed ice adjacent to the structure, which was seen as the seat of vibration associated with ice crushing. Crushed ice...

Application of Ice/Structure Interaction Concepts to a Real Time Ice Risk Assessment Computer Model
The successful and safe operation of an Arctic offshore exploration structure greatly depends on the implementation of alerts procedures. In order to assess alerts levels, a computer model...

Wang's Equation for Ice Forces From a Pressure Ridge
Yung-shih (Tony) Wang has presented an equation for the breaking loads from a multiyear pressure ridge on a conical structure. The three distances that define the position of the plastic...

New Hydrologic Instrumentation in the U.S. Geological Survey
New water-level sensing and recording instrumentation is being used by the U.S. Geological Survey for monitoring water levels, stream velocities, and water-quality characteristics. Several...

Spray and Ice Measurement Instrumentation for Ships
Bow slamming is the primary water delivery mechanism for ship superstructure icing. Spray flux is largely dependent upon hull dynamics, and cannot be computed numerically with current...

 

 

 

 

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