Temperature Effects on Lasers
While lasers have markedly improved the accuracy of engineering, air temperature gradients can reduce that drastically. Based on a sewer project that used lasers to align all the pipe,...
Infrastructure Crisis: What the Media Are Saying
In the past year and a half the national media have performed the major role in spreading the word that the nation's public works, particularly in urban areas, have been neglected...
Boston Tunes Up Water System
In 1977, Boston's water supply system had so many leaks and so many unmetered or undermetered customers that only about half the water entering the system was accounted for....
Sewers: Repairing Beats Replacing
Rehabilitating decaying sewers can be up to 70% less costly than replacing them. Yet most sewerage agencies wait until a pipe collapses before taking action, necessitating expensive emergency...
Progress Since 1979 in Canada
The report that follows describes the Canadian progress in urban hydrology research and in applications of research findings during the period from 1979 to 1983. The main topics include...
Progress Since 1979 in Sweden
During the past 20 years hard effort has been devoted to the protection of rivers and lakes from pollution. This effort has mainly been focused on the obvious sources of pollution i. e....
New Developments in Urban Hydrology in France from 1979 to 1982
The period of 1979-1982 is characterized by an important growth of the number of research studies, and financial investments for practical applications of research results. That growth...
Current Status of Urban Hydrology in Finland
Due to a smaller scale of urban problems on Finland, active research work on urban hydrology began as late as in the mid-1970's. The major urban hydrology and related studies...
Existing Sewer Evaluation and Rehabilitation
Guidlines for the evaluation and rehabilitation of sanitary sewers are presented. The purpose and scope of sanitary sewer rehabilitation is described. The major emphasis is on filtration...
Sanitary Sewer Design
Good sanitary sewer design practice requires evaluation of alternative locations, slopes and pipe sizes. However, cost considerations generally keep alternative evaluations to a minimum....
What Type of Sewer Pipe is Best? Life-cycle Cost Analysis Yields Answer
In the past, many engineers have selected the type of sewer pipe for a particular project based mainly on a comparison of initial costs of concrete, steel, and other types of pipes. This...
Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction
This Manual provides both theoretical and pracctical guidelines for the design and construction of gravity sanitary sewers. The initial chapter introduces the organization and administrative...
Why Bother with Historic Preservation�
Two case histories are examined regarding old dams that were preserved because of their historic importance, as well as their practical use. One example concerns a dam that was exposed...
Vacuum Sewers�� the Future for Sewage Collection�
Patented in the 19th Century, vacuum sewers are making a comeback. Vacuum is created and maintained at a central collection station and extended, through a network of collecting pipes,...
Municipal Sewage: Three Communities Try to Cope
To meet federal clean water guidelines, New Hampshire's Winnipesaukee River Basin, the City of San Francisco, and the City of Milwaukee have to upgrade their treatment to...
A Cheap Solution to Pollution from Combined-Sewer Overflows
Every time it rains, the surface waters of many of the older communities around the U.S. are polluted by a mixture of sanitary waste and stormwater. The problem: when the community sewers...
Reducing Sewer Infiltration/Inflow
Under the terms of the EPA Water Pollution Control Legislation, cities must eliminate excess infiltration/inflow to be eligible for 75% EPA sewerage construction grants. To determine the...
Intermediate Service Levels in Sanitation Systems
The major alternatives to sewerage are described and their potential for application in developing countries is explored. The reasons why conventional engineering practices have led to...
Sanitary Sewers for Developing Countries
To combat disease, we try to ensure water supply purity. Water is only one of many methods of disease transmission, however, and its purity does not alone eliminate the spread of disease....
Alternative Sewage Systems�Reliable, Cost-Effective
The increasing need to provide adequate sewage disposal systems to meet housing needs of the future should include the evaluation and acceptance of alternative sewage disposal methods....
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