Test Experience with Heavy Angle Dead End Lattice Transmission Towers
During the past three years, the Electric Power Research Institute's Transmission Line Mechanical Research Center has conducted full scale tests on three 500kV heavy angle dead end lattice...
Assessment and Upgrade of an Older Transmission Line
This paper discusses the various tools and procedures which have been used to assess and upgrade an older 130 kv tower line. The purpose of the assessment was to determine the line compliance...
Investigating the Behavior of a Lattice Structural Section
Tests were conducted on a fully instrumented lattice section assembled using various connection types (bolted or welded). The results of this study show that bolt slippage can have a major...
An Overview of Shotcrete Usage on the SSC
Shotcrete has been widely used on the Superconducting Super Collider for initial support of tunnel excavations in both the strong and weak rock formations encountered. Different types...
An Overview of the Analysis and Design Techniques Used on the Main Tunnels of the SSC
Sophisticated numerical analysis and design techniques were devised for the Supercollider in order to produce a design which closely reflected the constraints of the construction processes,...
Prediction of Ground Deformations Due to Excavation-Application to Tunnel Lining Design in Weak Rock
Prediction of ground deformations due to excavations is simulated by three dimensional non-linear finite element analyses. It considers various in-situ ground stress levels, excavation...
Three Dimensional Simulation of Progressive Tunneling Process for Lining Design of Intersecting Tunnels in Soft Rock
This paper presents the results of the state-of-the-art three-dimensional nonlinear finite element modeling of progressive tunneling process and its comparison with field data. Reasonable...
Settlement Analysis of Landfill Liners over Deep Mined Areas
Tensile strains due to differential settlement from past mining activities were evaluated for a landfill liner. The landfill cell encompasses 20 acres and is located on a subsurface profile...
Hydraulic Design of Spillway Plunge Pool Linings
The design of plunge pools for high head spillways with flip bucket terminal structures often requires a detailed examination of the stability of the resulting scour hole in the river...
Computer Calculations Speed Tunnel-Lining Design
A computer program handles the computations and simplifies a method that sets forth the vast amounts of tunnel concrete lining design information in a single diagram. Using the principle...
Applying Sustainable Development
Experts hoping to lessen the harsh effects of development on Earth's ecosystem have turned to the concept of sustainable development. Engineers are finding old ways to put...
Under Cover
The impermeable properties of flexible membrane liners have made them hot properties for landfill closure-cover systems. But slip-resistant clay might still be the best cover material...
Design of Shotcrete Support from the Rock Mechanical Viewpoint
When designing tunnel support the key question is to determine the loading conditions resulting from the deformation of the rock mass during and after excavation. Principle views are given...
High-Grade Concrete for the Single Permanent Shotcrete Lining Method
With the single permanent shotcrete lining method in underground construction in rock, a shotcrete layer placed subsequently to the application of the supporting shotcrete replaces the...
Design and Application of Integrated Shotcrete Linings for Underground Openings in Weak Rock Masses
Tunnels and caverns excavated in weak rock masses require special consideration in terms of shotcrete lining design. Shotcrete as a support medium for weak rock provides major benefits...
Guidelines for Shotcrete Support in Hard Rock
The writer is working on a handbook on shotcrete in hard rock. The work is sponsored by the Swedish Power Board, Development Division. The main contents are: Choice of shotcrete support...
Site Measurement of Shotcreting Dust
Shotcreting is broadly used today as an excellent lining system, which enables to assure rapidly the stability of excavated rock surface. This system however leaves room for improvements...
Use of Steel-Fiber Reinforced Wet-Mix Shotcrete in Extreme Rock-Bursting Conditions
If the stresses close to tunnels or caverns exceed the capacity of the surrounding rock, rock-bursting might start. When tunneling in such rock conditions the need for a safe, quick and...
Design of Shotcrete Linings at the Channel Tunnel
Shotcrete is one of the essential support elements of tunnels driven according to the principles of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM). Whereas originally the NATM was mainly based...
Construction of Shotcrete Linings Channel Tunnel
Without the use of shotcrete and the flexibility it offers in terms of tunnel profile, economy and speed of tunnelling, the project would certainly not be as far advanced as it is at present....
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