Implications of the New Radiation Exposure Limits on Space Station Freedom Crews
Spaceflight unavoidably increases the exposure of astronauts to natural ionizing radiation. Any increase in radiation exposure increases the risk of contracting cancer or inducing genetic...
Level of Recycling Effectiveness
The Level Of Recycling Effectiveness (LORE) scale is presented. It is a conceptual framework for evaluating recycling and other alternative strategies of meeting needs in space activities....
Black Holes
For many years, scientists have searched the skies for black holes; stars even more massive than white dwarves. As of yet, there have been no 100% sure sightings. Since they do not emit...
Developing a Wastewater Plan for an Urbanizing Area?The Case of Johnson County, Texas
Johnson County, Texas, is located south of Ft. Worth, Texas, and is influenced by the entire Dallas-Ft. Worth Metroplex, which has a population of more than 3 million people. In 1988 the...
A Travel Time Template for Water Body Field Surveys
A LOTUS 1-2-3 spreadsheet application has been developed to help plan water body surveys. The template calculates travel times between sampling stations and outputs a time schedule for...
Wastewater Balance for Storage Pond at Land Treatment Site
Land application is an established method for treating municipal wastewater in the United States. Most land application operations include on-site facilities to store wastewater during...
Groundwater Contamination from an Unlined, Poorly Capped Landfill
This paper presents a case study of groundwater and surface water contamination from a major, unlined, and poorly capped municipal landfill located in Western Washington. The landfill...
Risk Management for Groundwater Contamination: Fuzzy Set Approach
A methodology is developed for health risk management under uncertainty, using fuzzy sets. Groundwater nitrate contamination illustrates the methodology. A risk management framework is...
A Rational Basis for Determining Safety of Containment
Design of waste containment facilities may follow one of three tacts: (1) the liner and cover systems may have prescribed components of predetermined minimum thicknesses and hydraulic...
Measuring Benefits of Water Supply Projects
Various approaches are used to determine the value of water supply projects. Deterministic methods will lead to biased valuation of additional supplies of water. Calculation of risk premium...
Study of Direct Potable Reuse of Reclaimed Wastewater: Preliminary Results of a Five Year Study
The City of San Diego, California has received Clean Water Grant funding to build and operate a 0.5 million gallon per day facility to demonstrate a wastewater treatment system, utilizing...
Water for Texans?Using the Water Development Fund
This paper is presented to provide information on the Texas Water Development Fund. The Fund is available as a source that can provide financial assistance to political subdivisions of...
Spills: The Human-Machine Interface State of Our Knowledge
The International Joint Commission on the Great Lakes has entered into agreements on Great Lakes water quality. Many of the 3000 significant spills that occur in the Great Lakes Basin...
Human Error: A Major Cause of Spills
Accidental spills and releases of toxic and hazardous releases is a much greater problem than realized. While data reporting systems do noe adequately account for human error as a causal...
Oil Spill Impacts on Aquifers
This study attempts to evaluate the seismic hazards along a forty inch pipeline and the impact of a pipeline rupture in the recharge area of the aquifer serving most of West Tennessee....
Unmixing Mixed Waste
A thermal treatment process successfully converted sludge classified as hazardous chemical/radioactive mixed waste to low specific activity radioactive waste at the National Guard Armory...
Bio Bonanza?
Bioremediation was used on a portion of the Exxon oil spill, causing the popular press to take notice of the ability of bugs to eat away at oil and, possibly, toxic wastes. The Alaskan...
Successful Siting Incentives
Citizen opposition to the siting of facilities that store, produce or use hazardous materials is both widespread and problematic. There are siting incentives that have worked to allay...
Buried Treasure
Kelly describes landfill mining feasibility studies at two New England communities. Recently, due to rising landfill closure costs, a concept of landfill mining has been tested and shown...
Ship It By GIS
Abkowitz, Cheng and Lepotsky describe a GIS system for routing hazardous materials shipments. The safe transport of hazardous materials is emerging as a significant concern impacting local,...
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