Risk Assessment of Sea Bottom Scouring Using Fuzzy Set Theory
An approach to the assessment of risk to buried pipelines from ice gouging is developed using Fuzzy Set Theory. Statistical procedures currently used to analyze ice gouge data are inadequate...
Creep Properties of Ice: Theory and Experiment
In recent years, intensive developments in Northern regions have increased the demand for solutions to a large number of engineering problems involving ice mechanics. In particular, these...
The Calculation of Ice Forces on Arctic Structures
Results of tests conducted to determine the relationship between uniaxial compressive strength of ice and crushing force are presented. A plot of normalized uniaxial compressive strength...
Triaxial Compression Testing of Ice
An understanding of the confined compressive strength of ice is needed to develop constitutive equations and failure criteria for analytical ice-structure interaction models. Procedures...
Centrifugal Modeling of Ice Forces on Single Piles
The ice forces and ice floe failure mechanisms associated with an ice sheet surrounding a vertical cylindrical pile were evaluated. A test system was developed to model ice forces in gravity...
Santa Fe's Mobile Arctic Drilling Barge
There is a need for mobile units that can operate year-round in shallow Alaskan waters south of the Bering Strait for exploratory drilling and/or early production. Santa Fe has completed...
Offshore Seawater Intake in the Arctic
Waterflood has become a proven technique for enhancing oil recovery from oil producing reservoirs. At Arctic north slope areas, seawater has been used successfully for such operations....
Three-Dimensional Analysis of an Artificial Island
A nonlinear, finite element analysis has been carried out to investigate the influence of three-dimensional loading and geometry on deformation and failure of an artificial island. The...
Ice as a Construction Material in the Offshore Arctic
Ice is the most available and abundant material in the offshore Arctic, and it is therefore one of the most cost-effective construction materials. Over the past decade, ice has been used...
Failure Modes in Concrete Structures Due to Ice Load
Analytical methods are described for predicting local behavior of deepwater concrete structures subjected to short duration loading from floating ice. Overall analytical approaches such...
Fatigue Damage for Reinforced Concrete Offshore Structures
When concrete structures are subjected to fatigue loading - resulting from ice or wave loads - progressive damage occurs with increasing number of cycles. Nonlinear damage evolution equation...
Low Friction and Adfreeze Coatings
Low friction and adfreeze coatings have proven to be cost effective in reducing skin friction on icebreaker hulls. Of the two coatings acceptable for this service, the 100% polyurethanes...
Wave Runup Around Conical Structures
A variety of conical structures have been proposed for use in the Arctic environment, primarily because the inclined surface of such a structure gives rise to reduced ice loads associated...
Strudel Scour: An Arctic Seafloor Scouring Process
Strudel scour is an arctic phenomenon which occurs every spring when the fresh-water rivers melt and inundate the sea ice cover of the arctic sea. This fresh water flowing out over the...
Overview of Soil and Engineering Geologic Conditions in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and Bering Seas
General soil and engineering geologic conditions that are likely to affect exploratory drilling and development activities in six Alaska OCS lease sale areas are discussed. Important conditions...
Strength-Deformation Properties of Arctic Silt
Hydrocarbon exploration and production activities in the Beaufort Sea require construction of gravity structures capable of withstanding extremely large ice loads at sites where the subsea...
Arctic Oil Spills in Relationship to Sea Ice Motion
Sea ice on a scale of a few kilometers must be treated as a granular material rather than a continuum. The floes are in nearly constant motion relative to a fixed frame and each other....
An HF CODAR Doppler Transponder System
Gulf Oil Exploration and Production Company completed two major phases in the development of a high frequency (HF) CODAR Doppler transponder system for measuring sea ice motion. The system...
Constitutive Equations for Ice as a Damaging Material
Constitutive equations for ice subjected to uniaxial compression are developed based on applications of the theory of continuous damage mechanics. A physical model of ice deformation response...
Fracture Theory for Nonhomogeneous Brittle Materials with Application to Ice
Brittle heterogeneous materials generally fracture with a dispersed zone of microcracking at the fracture front. The deformation and failure of these materials can be described by a nonlocal...
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