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Optimizing Steady Point/Non-point Waste and Nutrient Loading to Streams
A simulation/optimization (S/O) model is presented for optimizing pollutant loading to a stream while adequately protecting surface water quality. The S/O model represents surface water...

Modeling Water Table Response to Climate Change in a Norther Minnesota Peatland
Projections of global warming raise questions concerning the fate of wetlands in many parts of the world. In northern Minnesota, there is concern that the nearly 3 million hectares of...

Spatial and Temporal Characterization of Drought
Drought is difficult to define for common understanding. Several definitions are presented. The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), the Palmer Drought Hydrologic Index (PDHI) and the...

Impacts of Potential Climate Change on Colorado-Big Thompson System Operations
The objective of this study is to examine the response of the Colorado-Big Thompson (CBT) system to specific local changes in climate, using the model CBTAOP to project the operating plan...

Chaos Characteristics of Tree-Ring Series
Thirteen tree-ring series from the Salt and Verde River basins in Arizona are studied to distinguish between chaos and randomness. A chaotic moving average model that represents the time...

Characterization of Thunderstorm Rainfall for Hydrologic Modeling
Rainfall and runoff records for 30 events from a 630-hectare subwatershed on the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed in southeastern Arizona were used to estimate the desirable...

Point Precipitation Models to Simulate Water Balance at a Constructed Wetland
We compare two point precipitation models in a water balance simulation performed at a wetland constructed to treat municipal wastewater. The first precipitation model uses a simple Poisson...

Normalization of Rainfall Across Different Time Steps
A parameter efficient procedure for normalizing the distribution of rainfall totals is examined with the particular aim of assessing its utility for space-time rainfall simulation. It...

Watershed Simulation for Characterizing Droughts Under the Influence of Climate Change
The paper describes a model for simulating soil moisture deficit on a daily basis using historical rainfall and climatic data for the analysis of droughts. Distributed parameter hydrologic...

Comparison of Nested Models' Local-Scale Precipitation from a Three-Year Base Run and a Corresponding Doubled CO₂ Run
Comparisons were made of nested model simulated precipitation from a 3-yr base run and the corresponding doubled-CO₂ run for the Gunnison watershed...

Application of Distributed Parameter Watershed Model for Determining the Effects of Climate Change on Water Resources
Projected scenarios of climate change are likely to have significant effects on hydrology and water resources in the semi-arid western United States. The paper describes the application...

Nested Modeling of Watershed Precipitation
The U. S. Bureau of Reclamation's GCCRP (Global Climate Change Research Program) is concerned with the possible impacts of global change upon precipitation, environmental variables and...

Evaluating and Guiding Weather Modification Efforts with Advanced Three-Dimensional Numerical Models
Several recent developments have expanded our capabilities to understand and document precipitation processes. One of these developments is the recent advances in computer hardware and...

Models for Simulating Hydrology and Water Quality on Drained Soils
Design and operation of drainage and related water management systems should consider both agricultural production and environmental impacts. This is currently required in many locations...

Nitrate Contamination of an Alluvial Aquifer Resulting from Irrigation and Geologic Control
A nitrate sampling program was conducted in the vicinity of a rural municipality to determine the source of nitrate contamination of the municipal groundwater supply. A finite-difference...

Optimizing Irrigation Management for Pollution Control and Sustainable Crop Yield
We developed a simulation-optimization model which maximizes crop yield while maintaining target salt concentration in the root zone, and/or preventing salt from leaching to the groundwater....

Farmers' Incentives to Reduce Groundwater Nitrates
Nitrate leaching from irrigated crops is a productive input loss to the farmer and a possible source of environmental degradation. This study uses a simulation model to analyze incentives...

Development of Test Procedures for Unbalanced Head Operation of Slide Gates
This paper will discuss the steps taken by the Bureau of Reclamation to develop a standardized procedure for testing unbalanced head operation of high-pressure slide gates for outlet works...

Furrow Irrigation Education
A furrow irrigation simulation computer model based on the volume-balance method is described. The model is used to develop information on furrow system performance that can be used in...

Optimal Commands in Border Irrigation Systems
Optimal command areas and level border irrigation design parameters are obtained for a given available seasonal water supply using a dynamic programming (DP) optimization approach. The...

 

 

 

 

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