Nutrified Sludge
A new biological treatment process, Nutrification, enables a wastewater treatment plant to remove phosphorus from influent water at an operating and maintenance cost 35% less than that...
Future Fill-Up
The car rental agencies at Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport have combined their service/filling facilities in the new terminal's parking garage. This permits customers to pick up...
Landfill Park: From Eyesore to Asset
By reclaiming a 50 acre landfill as a recreational area, Cambridge, Mass. increased its open space by 20%. The park includes three softball and three soccer fields, one multisport field,...
Introduction to Air-Water Mass Transfer
Background is presented to assist individuals in comprehending the terminology, in understanding the need to know the rate of air-water mass transfer, and the historical theories of air-water...
Effect of Gas Flow on Physical Absorption
Air blowing over a liquid surface can greatly increase the rate of physical absorption of a gaseous component. This increase is associated with the initiation of waves and a change in...
Air-Water Transfer: The Role of Partitioning
A review is presented of the role of air-water equilibrium in determining the direction and rate of transfer of chemicals between water bodies and the atmosphere. Because this diffusive...
Formation of Droplets from Bursting Bubbles at an Air-Water Interface
The breakup of an air bubble at a still water surface leads to the formation of two distinct droplet families known respectively as film drops and jet drops. The former are the tiny fragments...
The Effect of Surface Films on Concentration Fluctuations Close to a Gas/Liquid Interface
Modeling of gas/liquid mass transport requires knowledge concerning the behavior of near-surface concentration fluctuations at clean and film-covered gas/liquid interfaces. Previous measurements...
Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer on a Moving Drop of Water
The fluid dynamics and mass transfer associated with moving water drops are examined. In the first part, numerical solution of the transient hydrodynamics around and inside a drop falling...
Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in a Jet-Agitated Vessel
Experiments of carbon dioxide absorption in water have been carried out in a turbulent vessel presenting a zero mean shear stress value at the gas-liquid interface. Liquid-phase turbulence...
Effect of Temperature on Gas Transfer at Low Surface Renewal Rates
In order to investigate the dependence of gas transfer coefficients on temperature under conditions of low surface renewal rates, laboratory experiments were conducted using simultaneous...
Properties of Small-Scale Waves in Sheared Gas-Liquid Flows
Small wind-generated waves are examined theoretically and experimentally in a small laboratory flow system, at conditions close to neutral stability in an attempt to better characterize...
Surface Renewal Due to Large Flow Structures in Open Channel Flow
It is shown that under certain flow conditions, surface renewal cannot be understood as an exclusive result of the bursting occurring near the wall, as proposed by several authors. Flow...
Turbulent Water Aeration: Analytical Approach and Experimental Data
Analytical studies based on the statistical theory of turbulence were carried out in order to identify some relevant parameters which may be associated with the reaeration rate coefficient...
Turbulent Velocity and Gas Concentration Measurements in the Near-Surface Layer
An experiment was undertaken to study the mechanism of interfacial mass transfer. Near-surface liquid turbulence and oxygen concentration fluctuations have been measured in a grid-stirred...
Development of Method for Measuring Near-Surface Turbulence
New techniques for tracking particles in fluid are presented. A method to make micro-capsules which are filled with pure water and covered with a thin film of polystyrene is developed....
Isotropic Fractionation During Air-Water Transfer of Oxygen and Nitrogen
We present empirical results that show the kinetic fractionation during gas exchange is 0.9972 ? .0002 for oxygen and 0.9987 ? .0001 for nitrogen. These values are larger than the solubility...
Measurement of Wave-Induced Turbulent Flow Structures Using Digital Image Sequence Analysis
The turbulent flow in water close to the wavy wind-stressed water surface has been examined quantitatively in a large circular wind-water tunnel with a flow visualization method using...
A Fluorescence Technique to Measure Concentration Gradients near an Interface
A new fluorescence technique which measures the concentration profile in a mass transfer boundary layer is described. It uses a tracer whose fluorescent intensity is inversely proportional...
Regional Estimates of Gas Transfer Using an Airborne System
The aircraft-based eddy correlation technique was recently used to obtain regional observations of transfer processes of sensible and latent heat as well as carbon dioxide over wetlands...
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