New Admixtures for Cold Weather Concreting
Chemicals were tested for their ability to promote strength gain in portland cement concrete at low temperature. The admixtures depressed the freezing point of the mix water and accelerated...
High-Performance Concrete in All-Weather Deck Pours
A high-performance concrete mix enhanced with a combination of microsilica, superplasticizer, and high dosages of an corrosion-inhibiting, accelerating admixture (calcium nitrite); proved...
Impact of Cold Weather on Building Construction Scheduling
Weather impact on a building construction schedule is often significant in cold regions. Most deterministic scheduling methods are unable to directly account for the effects of weather...
Processed-Snow Foundation Design at the Summit of the Greenland Ice Cap
The design and construction of a processed-snow foundation berm for an elevated building located at the summit of the Greenland Ice Cap is described. Weather conditions and design provisions...
Environment One: A Master Plan Study for a New Scientific Research Station at the Geographic South Pole
The existing research station at the geographic South Pole is approaching the end of its useful life. This master plan study focuses on determining the technical and functional requirements...
Cold Climate Building Research at Wasa Base, Antarctica
During the Antarctic summer season of 1988-89 a permanent Swedish research station was erected at Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. The station, named Wasa, is situated on a nunatak. A corresponding...
River Ice Research in China
Hydraulic research in China has concentrated largely on free surface flows, sediment transport, large hydraulic structures, and hydraulic machinery. River ice research activities are expanding...
Evolution of Ice Cover Roughness
The formation of an ice cover on a river results in an increase of stage relative to open water stages at the same discharge. Due to the formation process, especially for freeze-up ice...
Ice Jam Configuration: Second Generation Model
An early model of ice jam configuration in wide, prismatic channels is generalized for applications to natural streams. Test runs are carried out to illustrate model performance and study...
Friction and Cohesion in Ice Rubble Reviewed
An argument is ventured that accumulations of ice rubble undergoing continuous shear deformation are essentially cohesionless. In terms of the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, therefore,...
Analysis of Waterbody Surface Heat Exchange
The Edinger-Duttweiler-Geyer (EDG) approach for estimating heat exchange at a water surface was examined and its applicability to ice-covered waterbodies determined. The EDG linearized...
A Conceptual Model for Vertical Frazil Distribution in Turbulent Flows
A conceptual model is presented for the evolution of frazil over depth in a turbulent flow. The net upward migration due to buoyancy of the frazil is opposed by intermittent mixing induced...
Heat Exchange at the Ice/Water Interface on Flowing Water
Any time the water flowing under an ice cover has a temperature above freezing, there is an exchange of heat between the water and the ice. Earlier work by Ashton and others provided adequate...
A Two-Dimensional Surface Drift Model for River Ice
A two-dimensional surface drift model for river ice with low ice discharge conditions is presented. The model is applied to the Grass Island Pool area of the Niagara River and compared...
River Ice Cover Cracking for Various Boundary Conditions
The breakup of river ice covers is commonly initiated by the formation of cracks parallel to river banks. These cracks usually result from a change in the water level due to a rapid rising...
The River Ice Management (RIM) Program: Developing New Options for Waterways Operations in Winter
Most of the navigable inland waterways of the United States are utilized year-round. In northern portions of this network (mainly parts of the Ohio and Upper Mississippi River basins),...
Designing for Control of Ice Conditions in Marinas
Each marina or small-craft harbor experiencing ice during the winter months must be designed for site specific conditions. These conditions are governed by environmental factors (geology,...
A Shallow-Draft Icebreaker for the Upper Niagara River
The New York Power Authority (Authority) designed and built a special purpose, shallow-draft icebreaker in 1986 and 1987 for use in the upper Niagara River. The icebreaker is used during...
Radar Monitoring of Ice on the Upper Niagara River
A standard marine radar was used during the winter of 1987-88 to evaluate its potential to monitor the presence and movement of ice in the Grass Island Pool area of the upper Niagara River....
A Mechanistic Approach to Pavement Design for Nome Airport
The analysis of performance and design of the pavement structure for the North-South runway at Nome Airport is based on the mechanistic approach. In the mechanistic approach, calculated...
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