Specifications for Masonry Structures (ACI 530.1-92/ ASCE 6-92/TMS 602-92)
Specifications for Masonry Structures (ACE 530.1-92/ASCE 6-92/TMS 602-92) is a joint effort of the American Concrete Institute, the American Society of Civil Engineers, and The Masonry...
Deliverance
Through the years, the low-bid has been the traditional contracting method for American public sector construction. Increasingly, a number of government agencies are experimenting with...
Machine-Friendly Facility
Cargo facility automation makes more efficient use of space, reduces labor and speeds operations. These are critical factors at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport�currently...
The French Composite: A Bridge for Normandy
Aside from its record breaking 856 m span, the most important fact about France's 2,141 m Pont de Normandie�the Normandy Bridge�is that it is being built at all. The bridge...
Taming the Urban Underground
When designing and installing excavation support systems at a city construction site, be prepared to deal with the urban jungle. Tunnels and utility cables and pipes clog the underground,...
Recycling on the Mississippi
Changes in the Mississippi River's water depth and alignment are forcing the retirement of the 105-year-old Hannibal, Mo. swing bridge. Although the bridge's...
High-Grade Concrete for the Single Permanent Shotcrete Lining Method
With the single permanent shotcrete lining method in underground construction in rock, a shotcrete layer placed subsequently to the application of the supporting shotcrete replaces the...
Active Tunnel Design?A New Concept for Predesign, Contractual Lay-out and Construction Management
Active tunnel Design is a new concept for design, layout of specification and contract, and for construction management of tunnels and underground carverns. Investigations yeild more information...
Development of Mechanized Wet Mix Shotcrete Application in Norwegian Tunnelling Industry
From 1971 to 1980 wet mix shotcrete won the Norwegian market 100%. In the same period hand held spraying was replaced by hydraulic manipulators. From 1980 to 1986, steel fibre use increased...
Wet Mix Shotcrete Used in Subsea Tunnel Environments
To reject the claim that the use of accelerator in shotcrete reduces the compressive strength with time, lately cored samples were taken from an 18 to 19 years old concrete. A wet mixed...
Guidelines for Shotcreting and Current Development in the Wet-Mix Technique in Finland
Guidelines for shotcreting were written based on the literature survey and shotcreting trials. During shotcreting trials existing Norwegian and Middle-European wet-mix shotcreting concepts...
Austrian Guideline and National Report on the Use of Shotcrete
The purpose of this guideline is the standardization of quality and a uniform procedure for the production and testing of shotcrete from the technical and engineering point of view. In...
Practical Considerations on the Use of Additives for Shotcrete
Shotcrete is mostly used today for securing rock: in this capacity, it has solved many problems and has become a necessary aid. However, thedegree of utilization of the method is still...
The Influence of Water Glass on the Technological Parameters of Shotcrete
Shotcrete used in tunneling must follow a clearly defined early strength development in order to comply with stresses from rock deformations and drilling and blasting. Accelerators are...
Shotcrete Tests at the Fish Ecca Tunnel
The Fish-Ecca Tunnel is situated in the Eastern Cape and forms part of the Lower Fish Irrigation Scheme. About 25% of the 5032 m tunnel had to be lined with shotcrete. Between February...
New Advances in Shotcrete Additives: The DELVO System
The DELVO system is a two component, nonchloride chemical system developed to control the dynamics of cement hydration. Concrete, treated with the DELVO system, can be kept in a plastic...
Advances in Dry Shotcrete Technology by Means of Microsilica
During the last decade microsilica has been increasingly used to improve both wet and dry mix shotcrete. In the traditional dry process microsilica is blended in the dry mixture. Since...
An Identity Chart for Steel Fibers
Improvements in ductility and toughness by adding steel fibers to the shotcrete mix are sufficient to enable steel fibers to be used as replacement for steel mesh reinforcements. Steel...
Fire Testing of Shotcrete Samples in a Small Furnace
The fire resistance behaviour of 8 shotcrete samples were investigated in a laboratory furnace applying ISO 834 standard test. Shotcrete was applied on 20 to 30 cm thick granite slabs...
Steel Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete?For Rock Support and Fire Protection
Rapid development in concrete technology and development of equipment has led to a change from dry hand-operated to wet robot shotcreting in Norway. Shotcrete of more than 100 MPa cube...
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