Flow Failure of Saturated Sand under Simultaneous Monotonic and Cyclic Stresses

by Jorge Meneses-Loja, A.M.ASCE, (Res. Assoc., Dept. of Civ. and Envir. Engrg., Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI 48202. E-mail: meneses@ce.eng.wayne.edu), Kenji Ishihara, (Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Sci. Univ. of Tokyo, 2461 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken 278-0022, Japan), and Ikuo Towhata, (Prof., Dept. of Civ. Engrg., Univ. of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan)

Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 126, No. 2, February 2000, pp. 131-138, (doi:  http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:2(131))

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Document type:	Journal Paper
Discussion:	by Gonzalo Castro (See full record)
Closure:	(See full record)
Abstract:	An estimate of the residual strength achieved by saturated Toyoura sand during flow failure is proposed, based on laboratory tests where not only monotonic loading is applied alone, but a simultaneous cyclic stress is also superimposed. This superimposed or complementary cyclic stress represents the minor seismic shaking following strong shaking that is still acting on a liquefied sand driven by the in situ static stress. Hollow cylindrical samples are torsionally sheared under monotonic conditions and axially loaded under cyclic conditions. Field-like stress conditions are reproduced on a 45° plane. The cyclic axial load produces more torsional deformation and reduction of the residual strength. A procedure for the estimate of this reduction is proposed. The empirical formula and test results are validated only for Japanese standard Toyoura sand specimens prepared by moist tamping.