Salmon River Ice Jams
The ice conditions on the river during the freeze-up period and the simple analytical model used to predict the advance of the ice cover leading edge are documented. Ice cover thicknesses...
Thermal Breakup Predictions on a Regulated River
The thermal breakup process which occurs on the Peace River in Alberta, Canada is described. A quantitative technique which uses the energy budget to explain the celerity of the breakup...
Mackenzie River Breakup: Ft. Simpson to Ft. Good Hope, N. W. T.
Breakup progression on the Mackenzie River in 1982 and 1983 is described. Two types of breakup, and two types of ice jam formation associated with these, were identified. The major role...
Ice Block Stability
A simple formulation of the forces acting on an ice block in contact with an intact ice cover is presented. Underturning of the ice block is the assumed mechanism by which the block is...
Simulation of River Ice Cover Growth and Decay
A model of ice cover thermodynamics was used to simulate ice growth and decay along the international section of the St. Lawrence River for the winter of 1980-81. At the air-ice interface,...
Mathematical Modeling of River Ice Process
Computer modeling of flow and ice conditions in a river is an important element in the planning of water resources project in northern regions. River ice processes are closely related...
Modeling Intake Performance Under Frazil Ice Conditions
A water intake was modeled in a refrigerated flume in an active frazil icing environment in order to evaluate alternative modifications to the prototype structure. Tests were run until...
Reduction of Intake Flow Due to Ice Rubbling and Consolidation
Numerous seawater intakes have been designed for Arctic Coastal Waters. In these areas moving ice often causes rubbling and pile up of broken ice pieces against the shore. If this forms...
The Importance of Nonlinear Wave Interactions Under Ice
Waves under ice interact at the second order in wave slope. Because of this, a monochromatic wave train impinging on an ice sheet can transfer a significant amount of energy to its own...
Hydraulics of Freeze-up
A classification scheme for freeze-up of a river is proposed based upon the response of indicated stage. A conceptual model is developed to describe the course of the indicated responses....
Design for Ice Forces
Part one of this publication on design for ice forces emphasizes offshore and coastal structures. In this section , seasonal ice conditions typical of offshore and coastal zones are reviewed....
Characterization of Offshore and Coastal Ice Conditions
Seasonal sea ice conditions typical of nearshore coastal zones are reviewed. Prominent ice features influencing design ice conditions for offshore structures are described. This paper...
Design of Prefabricated Offshore Structures for Ice Forces
The design of fixed offshore structures to resist forces from sea ice features is reviewed. The emphasis is on prefabricated structures constructed elsewhere, towed to location and installed,...
Design of Manmade Offshore Islands for Ice Forces
Approximately sixty percent of the undiscovered oil and fifty percent of the undiscovered gas probably lies in the sedimentary basins offshore Alaska (USGS 1980). Because of this hydrocarbon...
Design of Port and Coastal Structures for Ice Forces
Design of ice-affected port and coastal structures cannot be addressed in a few single specific terms, but must instead account for a matrix of elements differing at each site. Evaluation...
Design of Offshore Pipelines for Ice Environments
Design and installation of offshore pipelines in cold regions requires special care. Low ambient temperatures may cause increased friction losses in oil and gas lines due to wax crystallization...
Design of Ships for Ice Environments
A number of feasibility studies have proven the reliability of marine transportation for the Arctic. Current research and development in this field, especially in the USA and Canada, is...
River and Lake Ice Processes Relevant to Ice Loads
Ice effects on engineering structures in inland waters are more widespread than generally appreciated. Troublesome ice conditions can be expected regularly north of the 0 degree C January...
Measurement of Ice Forces on Structures
Methodologies and techniques are discussed for measuring ice forces on fixed structures situated in rivers and lakes. The usual method of measuring ice forces is to place a load frame...
Design of Bridges for Ice Forces
Sources of knowledge on ice forces and ice effects on bridges are listed and discussed briefly. Comments are made on experience of damage by ice and on the influence on bridge costs of...
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