Ice as a Construction Material in the Offshore Arctic
Ice is the most available and abundant material in the offshore Arctic, and it is therefore one of the most cost-effective construction materials. Over the past decade, ice has been used...
Response of Concrete Shell Panels to Simulated Impact
Concrete gravity structures have been constructed in Arctic regions for oil and gas exploration/production. In addition to extreme winds and waves, sheet ice, annual ridges, rubble fields,...
Comparison of Wave Overtopping Prediction to Measurements from Large-Scale Model Tests
A recent large-scale physical model study was sponsored by Arco Alaska, Inc. , to evaluate slope designs for an Arctic offshore oil drilling island. The drilling island will be located...
Wave Runup Around Conical Structures
A variety of conical structures have been proposed for use in the Arctic environment, primarily because the inclined surface of such a structure gives rise to reduced ice loads associated...
Design and Model Testing of an Arctic Seawater Intake for Sedimentation and Wave Effects
A seawater intake structure is being designed to provide flood water for tertiary recovery of oil from the Kuparuk oil field near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. A wave effects study establishes...
The Sand Mattress Method of Slope Protection
The sand mattress concept offers promise as an economical alternative to sand bag armor for two distinct applications: (1) slope protection for exploratory islands and/or causeway facilities,...
Asphalt Revetments for Slope Protection in the Arctic
Experience in the Netherlands demonstrates that slope protection of coastal embankments subjected to heavy wave action can be accomplished with lining systems made of mixtures of asphalt...
Strudel Scour: An Arctic Seafloor Scouring Process
Strudel scour is an arctic phenomenon which occurs every spring when the fresh-water rivers melt and inundate the sea ice cover of the arctic sea. This fresh water flowing out over the...
Effects of External Loadings on Large-Diameter Buried Pipelines
Development of oil and gas resources in the far north has involved extensive use of buried steel pipelines. Buried pipelines, particularly onshore, are frequently subjected to heavy superimposed...
Directional Drilling to Install Arctic Marine Pipelines
Directional drilling for offshore Arctic pipeline construction offers essentially year-round construction performance capability. The most readily acknowledged alternate candidate construction...
Pipeline Landfall Construction by Horizontal Drilling
The segment of an offshore pipeline where the transition is made from standard offshore laying procedures to standard on land laying procedures represents a difficult and costly construction...
Pipeline Hardware: Special Designs for Arctic Projects
The hardware used to support and protect arctic pipelines has evolved through several years of innovative design work by various engineering firms. The hardware used on the Kuparuk River...
Strength-Deformation Properties of Arctic Silt
Hydrocarbon exploration and production activities in the Beaufort Sea require construction of gravity structures capable of withstanding extremely large ice loads at sites where the subsea...
Arctic Oil Spills in Relationship to Sea Ice Motion
Sea ice on a scale of a few kilometers must be treated as a granular material rather than a continuum. The floes are in nearly constant motion relative to a fixed frame and each other....
An HF CODAR Doppler Transponder System
Gulf Oil Exploration and Production Company completed two major phases in the development of a high frequency (HF) CODAR Doppler transponder system for measuring sea ice motion. The system...
Sea Ice Indentation Accounting for Strain-Rate Variation
Two levels of ice loading are typically considered in the design of drilling and production platforms for the Arctic. Global ice pressures govern the overall structural geometry and dimensions...
Ice Load Prediction with the Use of a Rate-Dependent Anisotropic Constitutive Law
Man-made structures built in arctic offshore areas are subject to ice loads. Traditional methods for estimating ice loads rely on an indentation factor from rigid-plasticity, an empirical...
Bering Sea Crude Oil Transportation Systems
A study to evaluate and compare the technology and costs associated with crude oil transportation alternatives in the Bering Sea has been conducted. Existing and proposed offshore loading...
North Sea Technology Transfer to the Bering Sea
Concrete platforms in the North Sea are reviewed, including technological considerations and economic factors involved in their selection and application. The applicability of this technology...
Structural Solutions for the Enhancement of Gravity Foundations on Very Soft Arctic Soils
Very soft soils in several offshore Arctic areas cause a major concern in the design of gravity foundations, particularly in view of the high magnitudes of ice loads. Preliminary studies...
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